what is one strength of the cross sectional design

ATI RN

Growth and Development Exam

1. What is one strength of the cross-sectional design?

A. It provides evidence about individual trends.
B. It cannot be threatened by cohort effects.
C. It is not plagued with dropout or practice effects.
D. It permits longitudinal comparisons. Answer: C Page Ref: 34 Skill Level: Understand Topic: Studying Development Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: C

Rationale: One strength of the cross-sectional design is that it is not plagued with dropout or practice effects. This is because cross-sectional studies assess different individuals at the same point in time, eliminating the risk of participants dropping out or improving due to repeated measures.

2. Vygotsky saw __________ as the foundation for all higher cognitive processes.

A. egocentrism
B. language
C. sensorimotor activity
D. self-reflection

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Vygotsky believed that language plays a crucial role in the development of higher cognitive functions. Language enables individuals to communicate, think abstractly, and engage in complex problem-solving, forming the foundation for higher cognitive processes. Egocentrism (Choice A) refers to a stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development, not Vygotsky's. Sensorimotor activity (Choice C) is part of Piaget's stages of cognitive development, focusing on how infants understand the world through sensory experiences and physical actions. Self-reflection (Choice D) involves introspection and examination of one's thoughts and feelings, which is not the central concept in Vygotsky's theory.

3. The embryonic disk __________.

A. becomes the new organism
B. is the outer ring of cells on a blastocyst
C. has a good chance of survival outside the womb
D. is a protective membrane that surrounds the amnion Answer: A Page Ref: 77 Skill Level: Understand Topic: Prenatal Development Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The embryonic disk becomes the new organism. It is a cluster of cells within the blastocyst that will develop into the fetus during the early stages of prenatal development. This cluster of cells is responsible for giving rise to all the tissues and organs of the developing organism.

4. In an experimental study examining whether the way angry encounters end affects children's emotional reactions, the dependent variable would be the __________.

A. way the angry encounters end
B. amount of unresolved anger
C. frequency of angry encounters
D. children's emotional reactions

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In an experimental study examining whether the way angry encounters end affects children's emotional reactions, the dependent variable would be the children's emotional reactions. The dependent variable is the outcome being measured or tested in an experiment. In this study, the researchers are trying to understand how the way angry encounters end influences children's emotions. Therefore, the emotional reactions of the children would be the dependent variable that is being studied and measured in relation to the way angry encounters end. Choices A, B, and C are not the dependent variable in this scenario. While they may be related factors, the main focus of the study is on how the way angry encounters end impacts children's emotional reactions, making children's emotional reactions the dependent variable.

5. , especially, are more insistent that conform to gender roles.

A. Mothers; boys
B. Mothers; girls
C. Fathers; girls
D. Fathers; boys

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Fathers; boys.' The extract provided indicates that fathers are particularly insistent that boys adhere to traditional gender roles, emphasizing masculinity. This is a common stereotype where fathers often push their sons to conform to societal expectations of masculinity. Choices A and B are incorrect because the extract specifies fathers, not mothers. Choice C is incorrect as it pairs fathers with girls, which is not supported by the provided information.