Nursing Elites

1. Typical parents give their sons toys that emphasize __________.

• A. cooperation
• B. nurturance
• C. competition
• D. physical attractiveness

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'competition.' Parents often give boys toys that promote competition and physical activity, aligning with traditional gender roles. This emphasis on competition can help boys develop skills such as leadership, strategy, and resilience. Choice A, 'cooperation,' is incorrect because while cooperation is valuable, it is not typically emphasized through toys given to boys. Choice B, 'nurturance,' is also incorrect as nurturing qualities are not commonly associated with toys given to boys. Choice D, 'physical attractiveness,' is unrelated to the toys parents usually give their sons.

2. The mother feels a natural urge to squeeze and push with her abdominal muscles during which stage of labor?

• A. first
• B. second
• C. third
• D. fourth

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The mother feels a natural urge to squeeze and push with her abdominal muscles during the second stage of labor. This stage occurs after the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the delivery of the baby. Choice A (first) is incorrect as the first stage is mainly characterized by the dilation of the cervix. Choice C (third) is incorrect as the third stage is the delivery of the placenta, and choice D (fourth) is incorrect as the fourth stage is the recovery period after childbirth.

3. Piaget’s cognitive-developmental theory, information processing, and Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory all stress __________.

• A. nature over nurture
• B. changes in thinking
• C. unconscious motives and drives
• D. the effects of punishment and reinforcement on behavior Answer: B Page Ref: 26 Skill Level: Understand development. Topic: Comparing and Evaluating Theories Difficulty Level: Difficult

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Piaget’s cognitive-developmental theory, information processing, and Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory all stress changes in thinking. These theories focus on how cognitive abilities develop over time, emphasizing the growth and transformation of thinking processes rather than static traits or characteristics.

4. How does physical activity impact mental health?

• A. Reduces anxiety and depression
• B. Improves mood, but decreases alertness
• C. Decreases mood, alertness, and energy
• D. Decreases neural activity in the cerebral cortex

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Physical activity is known to have a positive impact on mental health by reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression. Choice B is incorrect because physical activity generally improves both mood and alertness. Choice C is incorrect as physical activity tends to increase mood, alertness, and energy levels. Choice D is incorrect as physical activity actually increases neural activity in the cerebral cortex, which is associated with improved cognitive function and mental well-being.

5. During Irina's first week of pregnancy, __________.

• A. heart muscles begin to develop
• B. the zygote multiplies and forms a blastocyst
• C. a primitive brain and spinal cord appear
• D. the embryo can move

Correct answer: B

Rationale: During the first week of pregnancy, the zygote (fertilized egg) undergoes rapid cell divisions and forms a blastocyst. This is a crucial stage where the cells differentiate and specialize, setting the foundation for the development of the embryo. It is during this time that the zygote implants itself into the uterine wall, initiating the process of pregnancy. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because during the first week of pregnancy, the focus is on the initial development and multiplication of the zygote, not on the development of heart muscles, a primitive brain and spinal cord, or the embryo's ability to move.

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