Nursing Elites

1. The __________ reflex helps a newborn find the nipple.

• A. rooting
• B. Moro
• C. Babinski
• D. tonic neck Answer: A Page Ref: 101 Skill Level: Understand Topic: The Newborn Baby’s Capacities Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The rooting reflex is the correct answer. This reflex helps a newborn baby find the nipple by turning their head and opening their mouth when their cheek is stroked or touched. This is crucial for the baby to locate and latch onto the mother's breast for feeding. The rooting reflex typically disappears around 4 months of age.

2. Which statement about interventions that support parents and preterm infants is true?

• A. Preterm infants whose parents receive coaching show no gains in mental test performance.
• B. Babies who are both preterm and economically disadvantaged require long-term, intensive intervention.
• C. For economically disadvantaged parents of preterm infants, just a few sessions of coaching are required.
• D. Even for parents with adequate economic and personal resources, long-term, intensive intervention is necessary. Answer: B Page Ref: 100 Skill Level: Understand Copyright © 2018 Laura E. Berk. All Rights Reserved. 29 Test Bank for Berk, Development Through the Lifespan, 7e interventions. Topic: Preterm and Low-Birth-Weight Infants Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Babies who are both preterm and economically disadvantaged typically require long-term, intensive intervention. This is because the combination of being born preterm and being economically disadvantaged can pose significant challenges for the infant's development. Providing ongoing support and interventions can help address these challenges and promote healthy development in these infants.

3. Katie wonders when she will first be able to hear her fetus's heartbeat through a stethoscope. You tell her that this should happen by the __________.

• A. fourth week of pregnancy
• B. third month of pregnancy
• C. end of the second trimester
• D. beginning of the third trimester

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is the third month of pregnancy (choice B). During the third month of pregnancy, which is around 9-12 weeks, a fetal heartbeat can typically be heard using a stethoscope. This is an exciting milestone for expectant parents as it provides reassurance about the baby's well-being. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because by the fourth week of pregnancy, the fetal heartbeat is not usually detectable with a stethoscope. The end of the second trimester and the beginning of the third trimester are too late in the pregnancy timeline for this milestone.

4. Who believed that complex mental activities have their origins in social interaction?

• A. Jean Piaget
• B. Renée Baillargeon
• C. Noam Chomsky
• D. Lev Vygotsky

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is Lev Vygotsky. Vygotsky emphasized the role of social interaction and cultural tools in the development of higher cognitive functions. Jean Piaget focused more on individual cognitive development stages, Renée Baillargeon is known for her work in infant cognition and object permanence, and Noam Chomsky is renowned for his theories in linguistics and the study of language.

5. Vygotsky saw __________ as the foundation for all higher cognitive processes.

• A. egocentrism
• B. language
• C. sensorimotor activity
• D. self-reflection

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Vygotsky believed that language plays a crucial role in the development of higher cognitive functions. Language enables individuals to communicate, think abstractly, and engage in complex problem-solving, forming the foundation for higher cognitive processes. Egocentrism (Choice A) refers to a stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development, not Vygotsky's. Sensorimotor activity (Choice C) is part of Piaget's stages of cognitive development, focusing on how infants understand the world through sensory experiences and physical actions. Self-reflection (Choice D) involves introspection and examination of one's thoughts and feelings, which is not the central concept in Vygotsky's theory.

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