Nursing Elites

1. Through the client’s health history, you gather that Mr. Dizon smokes and drinks coffee. When taking the blood pressure of a client who recently smoked or drank coffee, how long should the nurse wait before taking the client’s blood pressure for accurate reading?

• A. 15 minutes
• B. 30 minutes
• C. 1 hour
• D. 5 minutes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

2. What is the function of villi and microvilli in the GI tract?

• A. produce bile
• B. kill bacteria
• C. produce vitamin K
• D. increase the surface area for absorption

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Villi and microvilli in the GI tract serve to increase the surface area of the small intestine, aiding in the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as villi and microvilli are primarily involved in enhancing absorption, not in producing bile, killing bacteria, or producing vitamin K.

3. Can bacterial plaque metabolize sucrose, lactose, and fructose? Is fructose, also known as levulose and found naturally in honey, less cariogenic than sucrose and lactose?

• A. Yes, bacterial plaque can metabolize these sugars, but no, fructose is not less cariogenic.
• B. No, bacterial plaque cannot metabolize these sugars, and fructose is not less cariogenic.
• C. Yes, bacterial plaque can metabolize these sugars, but no, fructose is not less cariogenic.
• D. No, bacterial plaque cannot metabolize these sugars, but yes, fructose is less cariogenic.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The first statement is correct as bacterial plaque can indeed metabolize sucrose, lactose, and fructose. However, the second statement is inaccurate. Fructose, despite being found naturally in honey and known also as levulose, is not less cariogenic than either sucrose or lactose. This means that its consumption does not result in fewer cavities or tooth decay. Therefore, the correct answer is that bacterial plaque can metabolize these sugars, but fructose is not less cariogenic. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they either wrongly assert that bacterial plaque cannot metabolize these sugars or wrongly claim that fructose is less cariogenic.

4. Which suggestion is most appropriate to increase calorie intake for a patient with stomach cancer, aiming to prevent weight loss and wasting?

• A. Replace whole fat milk with skim milk or water
• B. Avoid peanut butter and other nuts
• C. Choose high-fat meat instead of lean meat
• D. Limit alcohol intake to two drinks per day

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Choose high-fat meat instead of lean meat. High-fat meats are more calorie-dense than lean meats, which makes them a good choice for increasing calorie intake. This is crucial for patients with stomach cancer who want to avoid weight loss and wasting. Choice A is incorrect because skim milk or water contains fewer calories than whole fat milk. Choice B is also incorrect because peanut butter and nuts are high in calories and therefore should not be avoided when trying to increase calorie intake. Finally, choice D is not a good suggestion to increase calorie intake as alcohol does not provide the necessary nutrients needed for a balanced diet. In fact, excessive alcohol can harm the liver and other organs, and it's not a reliable source of calories.

5. What food is most likely a source of trans fats in the diet?

• A. red meat
• B. peanut oil
• C. corn chips
• D. salmon

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: corn chips. Corn chips, especially those processed and fried, are a common source of trans fats, which are associated with an increased risk of heart disease. Red meat (choice A) and salmon (choice D) do not typically contain trans fats unless they are processed or cooked in trans fat-containing oils. Peanut oil (choice B) can be a healthier option compared to trans fat-containing oils.

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