Nursing Elites

1. Which part of the superego develops from our experiences with rewards for proper behavior and tells us what we should do?

• A. Conscience
• B. Ego-ideal
• C. Regressing back to the anal stage
• D. Regressing back to the oral stage

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, the Ego-ideal. The Ego-ideal is a subsystem of the superego that develops from experiences with rewards for proper behavior. It guides individuals on what they should do, setting standards and ideals for behavior. Choice A, Conscience, represents the part of the superego that focuses on what one should not do, based on experiences with punishment for improper behavior. Choices C and D, regressing back to the anal and oral stages respectively, are irrelevant to the development of the superego's components and are not related to experiences with rewards for proper behavior.

2. The interpersonal perspective ________.

• A. arose as a reaction against the unscientific methods of psychoanalysis.
• B. was introduced by Erik Erikson.
• C. emphasizes social rather than inner determinants of behavior.
• D. is the most influential humanistic perspective today.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The interpersonal perspective emphasizes social rather than inner determinants of behavior. Choice A is incorrect as the interpersonal perspective focuses on social interactions rather than being a reaction against psychoanalysis. Choice B is incorrect as the interpersonal perspective is not specifically attributed to Erik Erikson. Choice D is incorrect as the most influential humanistic perspective today would be humanistic psychology, not the interpersonal perspective.

3. While out for a walk, you come across a ferocious dog. You feel your heart beating faster and your palms begin to sweat. Which part of the peripheral nervous system is activated in this situation?

• A. Autonomic
• B. Sympathetic
• C. Parasympathetic
• D. Somatic

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sympathetic. When encountering a stressful situation like a ferocious dog, the sympathetic nervous system is activated, leading to the 'fight or flight' response. This response triggers physiological changes like increased heart rate, sweating, and heightened alertness to prepare the body to deal with the perceived threat. The autonomic nervous system (Choice A) encompasses both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, so it's a broader category. The parasympathetic nervous system (Choice C) is responsible for the body's 'rest and digest' functions, which are opposite to the physiological changes seen in a stress response. The somatic nervous system (Choice D) controls voluntary movements and sensory information, not the physiological responses seen in a stress reaction.

4. Which of the following psychodynamic elements of the personality can be described as impulsive and selfish?

• A. Ego
• B. Id
• C. Superego
• D. Ideal self

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Id. In psychodynamic theory, the Id is the component driven by basic, primal instincts, seeking instant gratification without consideration for consequences. It operates on the pleasure principle, aiming to fulfill desires immediately. The Superego, on the other hand, represents the internalized moral standards and ideals, while the Ego mediates between the Id and Superego, balancing impulses with societal norms. The 'Ideal self' is a concept from humanistic psychology related to one's aspirations and goals, not a component in psychodynamic theory. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect.

5. To overcome her fear of balloons due to the loud sound they might make when popping, Bella must sit in a room filled with balloons while the therapist pops each one. After a while, Bella realizes that her fear is unjustified and even begins to pop balloons herself. This technique is known as?

• A. Systematic desensitization
• B. Aversion therapy
• C. Flooding
• D. Extinction

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Flooding. Flooding is an exposure therapy technique where a person is exposed to their fear at full intensity until the fear subsides. In this scenario, Bella is exposed to her fear of balloons in a controlled environment until she realizes her fear is unjustified. Choice A, Systematic desensitization, involves gradual exposure to the fear stimulus paired with relaxation techniques. Choice B, Aversion therapy, aims to create a negative association with a stimulus to reduce unwanted behavior. Choice D, Extinction, refers to the gradual decrease in the strength or frequency of a conditioned response.

Similar Questions