ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Exam Questions And Answers
1. What procedure uses a balloon to open narrowed or blocked blood vessels in the heart?
- A. Angioplasty
- B. Coronary artery bypass graft
- C. Stent placement
- D. Valve replacement
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is Angioplasty. Angioplasty is a procedure that involves using a balloon to open narrowed or blocked blood vessels in the heart, thereby improving blood flow. This choice is correct because it directly matches the description provided in the question. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they involve different procedures: Bypass graft is a surgical procedure to redirect blood flow, stent placement involves inserting a mesh tube to keep an artery open, and valve replacement is the surgical replacement of a heart valve.
2. A healthcare professional is caring for a client who has an arteriovenous fistula. Which of the following findings should the healthcare professional report?
- A. Thrill upon palpation.
- B. Absence of a bruit.
- C. Distended blood vessels.
- D. Swishing sound upon auscultation.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Absence of a bruit. In a client with an arteriovenous fistula, the presence of a bruit (a humming sound) is an expected finding due to the high-pressure flow of blood through the fistula. Therefore, the absence of a bruit suggests a complication, such as thrombosis or stenosis, which should be reported for further evaluation and management. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because a thrill upon palpation, distended blood vessels, and a swishing sound upon auscultation are expected findings in a client with an arteriovenous fistula and do not necessarily indicate a complication.
3. A client is being assessed by a healthcare provider while taking Digoxin to manage heart failure. Which of the following findings is a manifestation of digoxin toxicity?
- A. Bruising
- B. Report of metallic taste
- C. Muscle pain
- D. Report of anorexia
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct manifestation of digoxin toxicity is anorexia, not bruising, metallic taste, or muscle pain. Other symptoms of digoxin toxicity include blurred vision, stomach pain, and diarrhea. It is crucial for healthcare providers to promptly identify these signs to prevent severe complications.
4. When caring for a client experiencing alcohol withdrawal, which intervention should the nurse implement to prevent complications?
- A. Provide a well-lit environment.
- B. Administer antipsychotic medication as prescribed.
- C. Monitor the client's vital signs closely.
- D. Encourage the client to express their feelings.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Monitoring the client's vital signs closely is crucial during alcohol withdrawal as it helps detect any physiological changes early, such as hypertension, tachycardia, or fever, which can indicate potential complications like delirium tremens. Early identification and prompt intervention can prevent severe outcomes in clients experiencing alcohol withdrawal.
5. When teaching an elderly client how to prevent constipation, which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Drink 6 glasses of fluid each day.
- B. Avoid grain products and nuts.
- C. Add at least 4 grams of brain to your cereal each morning.
- D. Be sure to get regular exercise.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: To prevent constipation, elderly clients should be encouraged to get regular exercise, which promotes bowel motility.
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