ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Exam Questions
1. Which condition involves the heart muscle becoming abnormally thickened, reducing its ability to pump blood?
- A. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- B. Dilated cardiomyopathy
- C. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
- D. Ischemic cardiomyopathy
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In this condition, the heart muscle thickens, leading to a decreased ability to pump blood effectively. Choice B, Dilated cardiomyopathy, is characterized by the heart chambers enlarging and weakening. Choice C, Restrictive cardiomyopathy, involves the heart muscle becoming rigid and less compliant. Choice D, Ischemic cardiomyopathy, is when the heart muscle is weakened due to reduced blood flow.
2. When caring for an infant with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Administer antibiotics IM once per day.
- B. Initiate droplet precautions.
- C. Place the infant in a negative-pressure isolation room.
- D. Suction the nasopharynx as needed.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: When caring for an infant with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), maintaining a patent airway is crucial. Suctioning the nasopharynx as needed helps clear secretions, prevent airway obstruction, and promote effective breathing. This intervention can aid in improving the infant's respiratory status and overall comfort. Administering antibiotics IM once per day (Choice A) is not indicated for RSV as it is caused by a virus, not bacteria. Initiating droplet precautions (Choice B) is important to prevent the spread of respiratory infections like RSV, but directly caring for the infant involves more specific interventions. Placing the infant in a negative-pressure isolation room (Choice C) is generally reserved for airborne infections, not RSV which spreads through respiratory droplets.
3. How should a healthcare professional assess for fluid overload in a patient with heart failure?
- A. Monitor daily weight
- B. Check for edema
- C. Monitor blood pressure
- D. Check oxygen saturation
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Monitoring daily weight is the most accurate way to assess fluid overload in patients with heart failure. In heart failure, the body retains excess fluid, leading to weight gain. Monitoring daily weight allows healthcare professionals to track fluid retention accurately. Checking for edema (Choice B) is a valuable assessment technique, but it may not be as sensitive as monitoring daily weight. Monitoring blood pressure (Choice C) is essential in managing heart failure, but it is not the most accurate way to assess fluid overload. Checking oxygen saturation (Choice D) is important to assess respiratory status but is not directly related to fluid overload in heart failure.
4. What is a primary goal when managing a client with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?
- A. Encourage the client to engage in regular physical exercise
- B. Help the client avoid anxiety triggers through behavioral therapy
- C. Encourage the client to express feelings openly
- D. Teach relaxation techniques to help manage anxiety
Correct answer: D
Rationale: When managing a client with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), a primary goal is to teach relaxation techniques to help manage anxiety. Relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, and mindfulness can be effective in reducing anxiety symptoms. Encouraging the client to engage in regular physical exercise (Choice A) can be beneficial but teaching relaxation techniques is more specific to managing anxiety. Avoiding anxiety triggers through behavioral therapy (Choice B) may be part of the treatment plan but teaching relaxation techniques is more directly aimed at managing anxiety. While encouraging the client to express feelings openly (Choice C) can be important for overall emotional well-being, teaching relaxation techniques is more focused on addressing the symptoms of anxiety.
5. Pertussis vaccination should begin at which age?
- A. Birth
- B. 2 months
- C. 6 months
- D. 12 months
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The DTaP vaccine, which includes pertussis, is typically started at 2 months of age as part of the recommended immunization schedule.
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