Nursing Elites

1. The client on a beta blocker has a blood pressure of 88/58 mm Hg. What is the nurse’s priority action?

• A. Hold the beta blocker and notify the healthcare provider.
• B. Administer the beta blocker as ordered.
• C. Increase the dose of the beta blocker.
• D. Continue to monitor the client and reassess in 30 minutes.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take when a client on a beta blocker presents with a blood pressure of 88/58 mm Hg is to hold the beta blocker and notify the healthcare provider. Beta blockers can further decrease blood pressure, which is already low in this case. Administering the beta blocker as ordered (Choice B) would exacerbate the hypotension. Increasing the dose of the beta blocker (Choice C) would be inappropriate and unsafe given the low blood pressure. Continuing to monitor the client and reassessing in 30 minutes (Choice D) could lead to a delay in necessary intervention. Therefore, the priority is to hold the medication and seek guidance from the healthcare provider.

2. What condition is characterized by narrowed or blocked arteries in the legs or arms, leading to pain and mobility issues?

• A. Peripheral artery disease
• B. Atherosclerosis
• C. Raynaud's disease
• D. Varicose veins

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Peripheral artery disease (PAD). PAD is a condition where the arteries in the legs or arms become narrowed or blocked, leading to pain and mobility issues. Choice B, Atherosclerosis, refers to the buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls, not specifically the narrowing or blockage in the extremities. Choice C, Raynaud's disease, is characterized by reduced blood flow to the extremities, leading to coldness, numbness, and color changes in the skin, but it is not primarily about narrowed or blocked arteries. Choice D, Varicose veins, involves enlarged, twisted veins usually in the legs, but it is not related to narrowed or blocked arteries causing pain and mobility issues.

3. The client on enoxaparin (Lovenox) is scheduled for surgery. What is the nurse’s priority action?

• A. Hold the enoxaparin and notify the healthcare provider.
• B. Administer the enoxaparin as scheduled.
• C. Administer vitamin K before the surgery.
• D. Monitor the client’s INR and proceed with surgery.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hold the enoxaparin and notify the healthcare provider. Enoxaparin, being an anticoagulant, should be held before surgery to reduce the risk of excessive bleeding during the procedure. It is crucial to inform the healthcare provider to determine the appropriate management plan. Choice B is incorrect because administering enoxaparin before surgery can increase the risk of bleeding. Choice C is incorrect as vitamin K administration is not typically indicated in this situation. Choice D is incorrect because monitoring the client's INR and proceeding with surgery without addressing the enoxaparin can lead to significant bleeding complications.

4. Which test measures how much and how quickly you can move air out of your lungs?

• A. Spirometry
• B. Peak flow meter
• C. Lung volume test
• D. Arterial blood gas

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Spirometry. Spirometry is a common pulmonary function test that measures lung function by assessing the amount (volume) and speed (flow) of air that can be inhaled and exhaled. This test helps in diagnosing conditions like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other lung diseases. Peak flow meter (choice B) measures the maximum speed at which a person can exhale air, mainly used in asthma management. Lung volume test (choice C) evaluates the total amount of air the lungs can hold. Arterial blood gas (choice D) measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, providing information on how well the lungs are functioning in gas exchange, but it does not specifically measure the amount and speed of air movement in and out of the lungs like spirometry does.

5. What is a condition where a blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs, and can lead to serious complications if it travels to the lungs?

• A. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
• B. Pulmonary embolism
• C. Varicose veins
• D. Raynaud's disease

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Deep vein thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs. If the clot dislodges and travels to the lungs, it can lead to a serious condition called a pulmonary embolism. Choice B, pulmonary embolism, is incorrect as it is the consequence of a DVT clot traveling to the lungs, not the initial condition. Choices C and D, varicose veins, and Raynaud's disease, respectively, are unrelated conditions to the formation of blood clots in deep veins.

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