ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Exam
1. Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation of the heart muscle, often due to a viral infection, leading to impaired heart function?
- A. Myocarditis
- B. Endocarditis
- C. Pericarditis
- D. Cardiomyopathy
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Myocarditis. Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle, typically caused by a viral infection. It can impair the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently, potentially leading to other complications. Endocarditis (choice B) is an inflammation of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves. Pericarditis (choice C) is inflammation of the pericardium, the outer lining of the heart. Cardiomyopathy (choice D) is a disease of the heart muscle that affects the heart's ability to pump blood.
2. Why is environmental health more challenging than other variables related to an individual’s health?
- A. Environmental health affects susceptible individuals more than groups.
- B. Environmental health demands that individuals be willing to change their beliefs.
- C. Environmental health is dependent on social neighborhoods and geography.
- D. Environmental health requires social, economic, and political changes to improve.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Improving environmental health necessitates broader changes beyond individual actions, including social, economic, and political transformations to address root causes of environmental issues. These changes are crucial for sustainable improvements in environmental health outcomes.
3. When providing teaching to a client with a prescription for Hydrochlorothiazide, which instruction should the nurse include?
- A. Take this medication at bedtime.
- B. Avoid foods high in potassium.
- C. Take this medication on an empty stomach.
- D. Monitor for signs of dehydration.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client prescribed Hydrochlorothiazide is to monitor for signs of dehydration. Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic that can lead to fluid loss and electrolyte imbalance, potentially causing dehydration. Signs of dehydration include dry mouth, increased thirst, and decreased urine output. Therefore, it is essential for the client to be vigilant in recognizing these symptoms and seek medical attention if they occur. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Taking Hydrochlorothiazide at bedtime is not a specific instruction related to its effects or side effects. Avoiding foods high in potassium may be necessary for some medications, but it is not the primary concern with Hydrochlorothiazide. Taking this medication on an empty stomach is not a requirement and may vary depending on individual preferences or healthcare provider instructions.
4. You are the surgical nurse caring for a 65-year-old female patient who is postoperative day 1 following a thyroidectomy. During your shift assessment, the patient complains of tingling in her lips and fingers. She tells you that she has an intermittent spasm in her wrist and hand and she exhibits increased muscle tone. What electrolyte imbalance should you first suspect?
- A. Hypophosphatemia
- B. Hypocalcemia
- C. Hypermagnesemia
- D. Hyperkalemia
Correct answer: Hypocalcemia
Rationale:
5. What is the primary focus of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI)?
- A. Patient safety
- B. Cost reduction
- C. Healthcare innovation
- D. Research funding
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The primary focus of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) is patient safety. IHI is renowned for its efforts in developing and implementing evidence-based practices to enhance patient safety and improve the quality of care in healthcare settings. While cost reduction, healthcare innovation, and research funding are important aspects of healthcare, the core mission of the IHI revolves around prioritizing patient safety. Patient safety involves reducing medical errors, improving care processes, and creating a safer environment for patients, which are all fundamental to the work of the IHI.
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