ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Exam Questions And Answers
1. The nurse is teaching a client about the side effects of beta blockers. What is the most important side effect to monitor?
- A. Hypotension
- B. Bradycardia
- C. Hyperkalemia
- D. Tachycardia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The most important side effect to monitor when a client is on beta blockers is hypotension. Beta blockers can cause a significant drop in blood pressure, especially at the initiation of therapy. Monitoring for hypotension is crucial to prevent complications such as dizziness, syncope, or falls. While bradycardia can also occur with beta blockers, hypotension takes precedence due to its immediate impact on perfusion. Hyperkalemia is not a common side effect of beta blockers. Tachycardia is actually a condition that beta blockers aim to treat, so it is not a side effect to monitor.
2. The physician has ordered a peripheral IV to be inserted before the patient goes for computed tomography. What should the nurse do when selecting a site on the hand or arm for insertion of an IV catheter?
- A. Choose a site with minimal hair if available.
- B. Consider potential effects on the patient's mobility when selecting a site.
- C. Instruct the patient to hold his arm in a dependent position before insertion.
- D. Remove the tourniquet after 2 minutes.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When selecting a site for IV insertion on the hand or arm, it is important to consider the potential effects on the patient's mobility. The chosen site should not interfere with the patient's movement. Instructing the patient to hold his arm in a dependent position helps increase blood flow, aiding in vein visualization and insertion. It is advisable to choose a site with minimal hair if possible for better adhesion of the dressing. Removing the tourniquet after 2 minutes is recommended to prevent complications like hemoconcentration and potential vein damage. Therefore, option B is the correct choice as it aligns with best practices for IV insertion.
3. A client is prescribed diazepam (Valium) for anxiety. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. I can drink alcohol while taking this medication.
- B. I should avoid drinking alcohol while taking this medication.
- C. I should take this medication only when I feel anxious.
- D. I can stop taking this medication when I feel better.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because clients should avoid alcohol while taking diazepam (Valium) due to potential interactions. Alcohol can increase the sedative effects of diazepam, leading to excessive drowsiness or respiratory depression. Choice B is correct as it reflects the need to avoid alcohol. Choice C is incorrect because diazepam is usually taken regularly, not just when feeling anxious. Choice D is incorrect as abruptly stopping diazepam can lead to withdrawal symptoms and should be done gradually under medical supervision.
4. After a right hemicolectomy for treatment of colon cancer, a 57-year old client is reluctant to turn while on bed rest. Which action by the nurse would be appropriate?
- A. Asking a co-worker to help turn the client
- B. Explaining to the client why turning is important.
- C. Allowing the client to turn when he’s ready to do so
- D. Telling the client that the physician’s order states he must turn every 2 hours
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Educating the client about the importance of turning can encourage compliance and promote understanding of the necessity to prevent complications such as pressure ulcers and pneumonia.
5. A nurse is providing teaching to a client with gastroesophageal reflux. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. I should elevate the head of my bed while sleeping.
- B. I drink no more than 4 cups of coffee a day.
- C. I take my time when I am eating.
- D. I avoid foods and drinks made with chocolate.
Correct answer: I drink no more than 4 cups of coffee a day.
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'I drink no more than 4 cups of coffee a day.' Excessive coffee consumption can aggravate gastroesophageal reflux due to its acidic nature. Choices A, C, and D are all appropriate self-care measures for managing gastroesophageal reflux. Elevating the head of the bed while sleeping helps prevent acid reflux, eating slowly can reduce reflux episodes, and avoiding trigger foods like chocolate can help alleviate symptoms.
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