ATI RN
ATI RN Nutrition Online Practice 2019
1. The PEM in which children ages 18-24 months display edema of the extremities, torso, and face, fatty liver, sparse yellow hair, and receive adequate kilocalories but not enough high-quality proteins is called?
- A. Marasmus
- B. Kwashiorkor
- C. Anemia
- D. Noma
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Kwashiorkor is a form of severe malnutrition characterized by edema, fatty liver, and other symptoms, typically resulting from inadequate protein intake despite adequate calorie intake.
2. Which of the following are examples of mechanical digestion? Select all that apply.
- A. Heat
- B. Segmentation
- C. Option B and D
- D. Peristalsis
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Mechanical digestion involves physical movements that break down food in the digestive tract. Segmentation (choice B) and peristalsis (choice D), which are both movements of the muscles in the digestive tract, are examples of this type of digestion. Heat (choice A), on the other hand, is related to chemical digestion, not mechanical digestion. Therefore, choice C (Option B and D) is the correct answer as it includes both examples of mechanical digestion provided in the choices. Choices A and D are incorrect because heat (choice A) is not a mechanical digestion process, and peristalsis (choice D) is a movement that helps propel food along the digestive tract but is not directly involved in breaking down food physically.
3. What instruction should a nurse include when teaching a client who has recently been prescribed a low-sodium diet?
- A. Avoid foods such as smoked meats and frozen dinners.
- B. Select foods with less than 4g of sodium as indicated on food labels.
- C. Use soy sauce for flavoring foods instead of table salt.
- D. Processed and prepared foods are typically low in sodium.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, which directs the client to avoid foods such as smoked meats and frozen dinners. These types of foods are typically high in sodium, making them unsuitable for a low-sodium diet. Option B is incorrect because foods with less than 4g of sodium might still be high in sodium for individuals on low-sodium diets. The daily recommended intake of sodium for a low-sodium diet is usually around 1.5g to 2g. Hence, 4g of sodium in a single food product can be excessive. Option C is incorrect as soy sauce, although a different source of flavor, is also high in sodium and should be used sparingly, if at all, in a low-sodium diet. Option D is incorrect because processed and prepared foods are usually not low in sodium. In fact, these foods often have high sodium content due to added salts and preservatives.
4. What is the process of formal negotiations of working conditions between a group of registered nurses and employer?
- A. grievance
- B. arbitration
- C. collective bargaining
- D. strike
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is 'collective bargaining.' Collective bargaining involves negotiations between a group of employees, in this case, registered nurses, and their employer to determine working conditions, wages, benefits, and other aspects of employment. Grievance refers to a formal complaint about a workplace issue, arbitration involves a neutral third party making a decision in a dispute, and a strike is a work stoppage by employees to protest against their employer.
5. What is the most important concern immediately after a myocardial infarction?
- A. Reducing cholesterol intake
- B. Allowing cardiac rest for healing
- C. Reducing saturated fat intake
- D. Eating several small meals each day
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Immediately after a myocardial infarction, the primary concern is to allow the heart to rest and heal to prevent further damage. This is why choice B is the correct answer. While choices A, C, and D might be a part of the long-term management plan following a myocardial infarction, they are not the immediate priority. Reducing cholesterol and saturated fat intake, as well as adjusting eating habits can help prevent future heart issues, but do not directly contribute to the immediate recovery post-myocardial infarction.