ATI RN
ATI Nutrition Proctored
1. Diseases of the heart and blood vessels are collectively referred to as _____.
- A. Coronary artery disease
- B. Cardiovascular disease
- C. Coronary heart disease
- D. Coronary vessel disease
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct term for diseases of the heart and blood vessels is cardiovascular disease. While coronary artery disease (Choice A) specifically involves the narrowing of coronary arteries, it is just one type of cardiovascular disease. Coronary heart disease (Choice C) is also a specific condition related to the heart's blood vessels. Choice D, coronary vessel disease, is not a commonly used term to describe diseases of the heart and blood vessels. Therefore, Choice B, cardiovascular disease, is the most inclusive and appropriate term to refer to these conditions.
2. In kidney disease, which mineral should a patient limit intake of?
- A. Calcium
- B. Magnesium
- C. Phosphorus
- D. Potassium
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In kidney disease, patients are advised to limit the intake of phosphorus. High levels of phosphorus can be problematic as the kidneys may not be able to effectively filter it out, leading to bone health issues. Calcium (Choice A) is important for bone health, but its restriction is not typically necessary in kidney disease. Magnesium (Choice B) and potassium (Choice D) restrictions may be required in certain cases of kidney disease, but phosphorus is the mineral most commonly limited due to its impact on bone health.
3. What is the term for a barrier that prevents the normal emptying of stomach contents into the duodenum?
- A. Dumping syndrome
- B. Gastritis
- C. Gastric outlet obstruction
- D. Hypochlorhydria
Correct answer: C: Gastric outlet obstruction
Rationale: Gastric outlet obstruction refers to a condition where the opening between the stomach and the duodenum is blocked, preventing the normal passage of food. This is why choice 'C' is correct. 'A: Dumping syndrome' is incorrect because it is a condition where stomach contents move too quickly through the small intestine, not a barrier preventing emptying. 'B: Gastritis' is inflammation of the stomach lining, not a blockage of the outlet. 'D: Hypochlorhydria' refers to low stomach acid, which may affect digestion but does not create a physical barrier blocking the outlet of the stomach.
4. A healthcare provider is providing teaching about nutrition to a group of clients. The healthcare provider should include that which of the following foods contains the highest level of thiamine per serving?
- A. 1 hard-boiled egg
- B. 1 cup dried pears
- C. 1 cup whole grain wheat flour
- D. 1 cup Brussels sprouts
Correct answer: 1 cup whole grain wheat flour
Rationale: Whole grain wheat flour contains the highest level of thiamine per serving compared to the other options provided. Thiamine, also known as Vitamin B1, is essential for energy metabolism. While eggs, dried pears, and Brussels sprouts are nutritious foods, they do not contain as high a level of thiamine as whole grain wheat flour. Therefore, the correct choice is whole grain wheat flour in this case.
5. Integrated management for childhood illness is the universal protocol of care endorsed by WHO and is used by different countries worldwide, including the Philippines. In any case that the nurse classifies the child and categorizes the signs and symptoms in the PINK category, you know that this means:
- A. Urgent referral
- B. Antibiotic Management
- C. Home treatment
- D. Outpatient treatment facility is needed
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When a child is classified under the PINK category in the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) guidelines, it signifies the need for antibiotic management. This category indicates severe signs and symptoms requiring immediate antibiotic treatment to address the underlying infection. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the PINK category specifically calls for urgent antibiotic management rather than urgent referral, home treatment, or outpatient treatment facility.