Nursing Elites

1. When observing a return demonstration of a colostomy irrigation, you know that more teaching is required if pt:

• A. Lubricates the tip of the catheter prior to inserting into the stoma
• B. Hangs the irrigating bag on the bathroom door cloth hook during fluid insertion
• C. Discontinues the insertion of fluid after only 500 ml of fluid has been instilled
• D. Clamps of the flow of fluid when felling uncomfortable

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.

2. A nurse is planning a menu for a client with a folic acid deficiency anemia. Which food should the nurse recommend that is high in folate?

• A. 4 slices of roast beef
• B. ½ cup of asparagus
• C. 1 cup part-skim mozzarella cheese
• D. ¼ cup of olives

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: ½ cup of asparagus. Asparagus is high in folate, making it a suitable recommendation for clients with folic acid deficiency anemia. Folate is essential in the production of red blood cells, which is crucial in managing anemia. Choices A, C, and D do not contain as much folate as asparagus and are not the best options for addressing a folic acid deficiency anemia.

3. Age group categories within older adults are classified as 'young old,' 'old,' and 'oldest old,' the latter of which comprises adults aged _____.

• A. 70-80 years
• B. 75-84 years
• C. 80-90 years
• D. 85 years or older

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The 'oldest old' category includes adults aged 85 years or older. This age group faces unique health challenges and requires specialized care. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not fall within the age range specified for the 'oldest old' category.

4. Each statement is true regarding oral exposure to fermentable carbohydrates, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. Longer exposure leads to an increased risk of demineralization
• B. Longer exposure increases the opportunity for remineralization
• C. The Stephan curve illustrates pH changes within plaque after rinsing with a sugar solution
• D. The critical pH at which enamel decalcification occurs is 5.5 or less

Correct answer: B

Rationale: All the statements above are accurate about oral exposure to fermentable carbohydrates, except for option B. In fact, longer exposure to these carbohydrates decreases the opportunity for remineralization. This is because the process of demineralization, in which minerals are lost from the tooth enamel, is sped up by the presence of fermentable carbohydrates. The Stephan curve (option C) is a graph that demonstrates how the pH of dental plaque changes after a sugar rinse, usually dropping (becoming more acidic), which can lead to enamel decalcification. Option D is also accurate, as a pH of 5.5 or lower is the critical point at which enamel starts to decalcify.

5. A client who 1) _____ diet requires 2) ___ amounts of vitamin C.

• A. A) Follows a vegan diet, B) More
• B. B) Smokes cigarettes, B) More
• C. A) Follows a vegan diet, C) The same
• D. B) Smokes cigarettes, C) The same

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Smokes cigarettes, More. Smoking increases the need for vitamin C as it can deplete the body's vitamin C levels. Vegan diets, on the other hand, require more vitamin C for optimal absorption due to the absence of heme iron, which enhances non-heme iron absorption. Choices A and C are incorrect because vegan diets require more vitamin C, while smoking increases the need for vitamin C.

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