Nursing Elites

1. The nurse understands that one of these factors contributes to constipation:

• A. excessive exercise
• B. high fiber diet
• C. no regular time for defecation daily
• D. prolonged use of laxatives

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

2. A client is on a 2,000-calorie American Diabetes Association (ADA) diet and substitutes whole milk with skim milk. Which of the following items can the client add to the oatmeal on his breakfast tray?

• A. One 1/8 teaspoon of salt
• B. One ounce of raisins
• C. One tablespoon of low-fat margarine
• D. One teaspoon of brown sugar

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is one ounce of raisins. Raisins are a healthy option to add to oatmeal as they provide natural sweetness without added sugars. They are a good source of fiber and essential nutrients. Option A, one 1/8 teaspoon of salt, is not necessary for flavoring oatmeal. Option C, one tablespoon of low-fat margarine, may add unnecessary fat to the meal. Option D, one teaspoon of brown sugar, adds extra sugar, which should be limited in a diabetes-friendly diet.

3. Keeping Conrad’s head and neck alignment results in:

• A. increased intrathoracic pressure
• B. increased venous outflow
• C. decreased venous outflow
• D. increased intraabdominal pressure

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.

4. What is the primary function of antioxidants in the diet?

• A. Provide energy
• B. Support muscle growth
• C. Neutralize free radicals
• D. Increase blood sugar

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The primary function of antioxidants in the diet is to neutralize free radicals. Free radicals can cause cellular damage, leading to various chronic diseases. Antioxidants help combat this oxidative stress by neutralizing free radicals. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because antioxidants do not provide energy, support muscle growth, or increase blood sugar; their main role is in combating oxidative stress.

5. What type of drug would most likely be given to a patient following a myocardial infarction?

• A. antiemetic
• B. anticoagulant
• C. anticonvulsant
• D. antibiotic

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Anticoagulants are the most suitable choice for a patient following a myocardial infarction. These medications are essential in preventing further blood clots from forming in the arteries, reducing the risk of complications such as strokes or recurrent heart attacks. Antiemetics are used to control nausea and vomiting, not directly related to myocardial infarction. Anticonvulsants are used to manage seizures, not typically indicated after a heart attack. Antibiotics are prescribed to treat bacterial infections, not routinely given after a myocardial infarction.

Similar Questions