ATI RN
ATI Pediatrics Proctored Exam 2023
1. The healthcare provider is explaining to a 17-year-old female the actions to prevent urinary tract infection. Which is the best beverage for the healthcare provider to recommend to keep urine acidic?
- A. Milk
- B. Grape juice
- C. Apple juice
- D. Orange juice
Correct answer: C
Rationale: To maintain the acidity of urine and potentially prevent urinary tract infections, juices such as apple or cranberry are recommended due to their ability to create an acidic environment in the urinary tract that may help inhibit bacterial growth.
2. A patient develops hypotension, laryngeal edema, and bronchospasm after eating peanuts. Which medication should the nurse prepare to administer?
- A. Promethazine
- B. Epinephrine
- C. Diphenhydramine
- D. Hydroxyzine
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The patient is exhibiting symptoms of anaphylaxis triggered by a peanut allergy, a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. The appropriate medication for anaphylaxis is epinephrine. Epinephrine acts quickly to reverse the symptoms by constricting blood vessels, relaxing bronchial muscles, and reducing laryngeal edema, making it the drug of choice for this situation. Promethazine, diphenhydramine, and hydroxyzine are not the first-line treatments for anaphylaxis. Promethazine is an antihistamine with sedative effects, Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine, and Hydroxyzine is also an antihistamine with sedative properties. While these medications can help with mild allergic reactions, they are not as effective or fast-acting as epinephrine in treating the severe manifestations of anaphylaxis.
3. The parent asks when the soft area in the infant's head will go away. What is the best response by the nurse?
- A. The area is called the anterior fontanel (fontanelle) and typically closes anytime up to 18 months of age.
- B. The area is called a fontanel (fontanelle). They remain open to allow for rapid brain growth in the first months of life.
- C. The soft spots may stay open until your infant is 2 or 3 years old.
- D. Soft spots on the infant's head should have closed by now.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The best response by the nurse is A, as the anterior fontanel typically closes between 12-18 months of age, allowing for brain growth during infancy. Choice B is incorrect because it does not provide a specific timeframe for the closure of the fontanel. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests a later closure timeframe than usual. Choice D is incorrect as it states that the soft spots should have closed already, which is inaccurate for a 6-month-old infant.
4. The clinic nurse is reviewing the immunization guidelines for hepatitis B. Which are true of the guidelines for this vaccine?
- A. The hepatitis B vaccination series should be begun at birth
- B. All are applicable
- C. Any child not vaccinated at birth should receive two doses at least 4 months apart
- D. An unimmunized 10-year-old child should receive three doses administered 4 weeks apart
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Hepatitis B vaccination should start at birth, and any child or adolescent not vaccinated should complete the series. Adolescents should receive three doses if they were not previously vaccinated.
5. A client is prescribed spironolactone. Which of the following findings would indicate an adverse effect of this medication?
- A. Hyperkalemia
- B. Hypokalemia
- C. Hyponatremia
- D. Hypernatremia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Hyperkalemia is the correct answer as it is an adverse effect associated with spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic. Spironolactone works by blocking the aldosterone receptor in the distal convoluted tubule, leading to decreased potassium excretion and potential hyperkalemia. Hypokalemia (choice B) and hyponatremia (choice C) are not typically associated with spironolactone use. Hypernatremia (choice D) is also an unlikely finding with spironolactone.
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