the nurse is caring for a client taking warfarin which meal brought in by the clients family is a priority to remove before the client eats it

ATI RN

Nutrition ATI Test

1. The nurse is caring for a client taking warfarin. Which meal brought in by the client's family is a priority to remove before the client eats it?

A. Oriental cabbage salad with chicken
B. Beef enchilada, rice, and beans
C. Ham and cheese sandwich
D. Macaroni salad and grapefruit slices

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Ham is high in vitamin K, which can interfere with warfarin. Vitamin K can decrease the effectiveness of warfarin, an anticoagulant medication. Choices A, B, and D do not contain high levels of vitamin K and are less likely to interfere with the client's warfarin therapy.

2. Nutrients that may help decrease high blood pressure levels include:

A. magnesium and sodium
B. protein and monounsaturated fat
C. calcium and potassium
D. dietary fiber and plant sterols

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Calcium and potassium play vital roles in regulating blood pressure, with potassium helping to balance the negative effects of sodium.

3. In kidney disease, which mineral should a patient limit intake of?

A. Calcium
B. Magnesium
C. Phosphorus
D. Potassium

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In kidney disease, patients are advised to limit the intake of phosphorus. High levels of phosphorus can be problematic as the kidneys may not be able to effectively filter it out, leading to bone health issues. Calcium (Choice A) is important for bone health, but its restriction is not typically necessary in kidney disease. Magnesium (Choice B) and potassium (Choice D) restrictions may be required in certain cases of kidney disease, but phosphorus is the mineral most commonly limited due to its impact on bone health.

4. Which list contains fatty acids that reduce cardiovascular disease risk?

A. omega 3, trans fatty acids, saturated fatty acids
B. EPA and DHA
C. omega 6, omega 3, partially hydrogenated oil
D. omega 3, EPA, saturated fatty acids

Correct answer: B

Rationale: EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), both omega-3 fatty acids, are known to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

5. Which type of medication is most likely to induce xerostomia?

A. Antibiotics
B. Diuretics
C. Local anesthetics
D. Anticholinergics

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Anticholinergics. Anticholinergic medications commonly cause xerostomia by inhibiting saliva production, leading to dry mouth. Antibiotics (choice A) are not typically associated with xerostomia. Diuretics (choice B) increase urine production but do not directly affect saliva production. Local anesthetics (choice C) are used to numb specific areas during dental procedures and do not induce xerostomia.