Nursing Elites

1. The nurse is assessing a child with type 2 diabetes. The child is awake and alert with a serum glucose of 60 mg/dL. What action should the nurse take?

• A. Administer Insulin.
• B. Administer Epinephrine.
• C. Give 15 grams of carbohydrates.
• D. Give glucagon by injection.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: For a conscious child with mild hypoglycemia, giving 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates is the appropriate intervention. This can quickly raise blood glucose levels to prevent further complications. Administering insulin (Choice A) would further lower the glucose level, which is not suitable in this scenario. Administering epinephrine (Choice B) is not indicated for hypoglycemia. Glucagon (Choice D) is used for severe hypoglycemia with altered consciousness, not for mild cases where the child is awake and alert.

2. What information does the nurse include when teaching parents about nonpharmacologic strategies for pain management in children?

• A. May reduce pain perception.
• B. Make pharmacologic strategies unnecessary.
• C. Usually take too long to implement.
• D. Trick children into believing they do not have pain.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'May reduce pain perception.' When teaching parents about nonpharmacologic strategies for pain management in children, the nurse should include information that these techniques may help reduce pain perception, make the pain more tolerable, decrease anxiety, and enhance the effectiveness of analgesics. It is important to note that nonpharmacologic techniques should be learned before the pain occurs, and it is beneficial to use both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic measures for pain control. Choice B is incorrect because nonpharmacologic strategies do not make pharmacologic strategies unnecessary but rather complement them. Choice C is incorrect as nonpharmacologic techniques, when properly learned and applied, do not usually take too long to implement. Choice D is incorrect as the goal of nonpharmacologic strategies is not to trick children into believing they do not have pain, but to help them cope with and manage their pain effectively.

3. In assessing sexual maturity levels, which tool would you expect to use?

• A. Denver II Developmental Screening
• B. Tanner staging
• C. Antibody testing
• D. Nursing process

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tanner staging. Tanner staging is a tool specifically used to assess sexual maturity in adolescents based on the development of secondary sexual characteristics. The Tanner scale ranges from stage 1 (prepubertal) to stage 5 (adult maturity). This tool helps healthcare providers evaluate the physical development and sexual maturation of individuals. Choice A, the Denver II Developmental Screening, is used to assess developmental milestones in children. Choice C, antibody testing, is a diagnostic tool used to detect the presence of specific antibodies in the blood. Choice D, the nursing process, is a systematic method that nurses use to deliver patient-centered care, involving assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.

4. During an otoscopic examination on an infant, in which direction is the pinna pulled?

• A. Up and back
• B. Up and forward
• C. Down and back
• D. Down and forward

Correct answer: C

Rationale: For infants, the pinna is pulled down and back to straighten the ear canal and allow proper visualization of the tympanic membrane during otoscopic examination.

5. The nurse is aware that which age group is at risk for childhood injury because of the cognitive characteristic of magical and egocentric thinking?

• A. Preschool
• B. Young school age
• C. Middle school age
• D. Adolescent

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Preschool children are at higher risk for injury due to magical and egocentric thinking, which can lead to misjudgments about their abilities and dangers.

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