Nursing Elites

1. The healthcare professional in the dialysis unit understands that patients may experience various complications during hemodialysis. What describes a common complication during hemodialysis?

• A. confusion
• B. profuse sweating
• C. hypertension
• D. leg cramps

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Leg cramps are a common complication during hemodialysis due to shifts in fluid and electrolyte levels that occur during the treatment. Confusion (choice A) is not a common complication specifically related to hemodialysis. Profuse sweating (choice B) is not typically associated with hemodialysis complications. Hypertension (choice C) might be a pre-existing condition in some patients but is not a direct common complication of hemodialysis.

2. Loss of smell results in a condition that limits capacity to detect the flavor of food and beverages called:

• A. Hypergeusia
• B. Dysgeusia
• C. Anosmia
• D. Phantom taste

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Anosmia is the loss of the sense of smell, which significantly impacts the ability to detect flavors in food and beverages.

3. Which dietary approach is most beneficial for managing hypertension?

• A. Increasing caffeine intake
• B. Reducing sodium intake
• C. Increasing dietary cholesterol
• D. Reducing fiber intake

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Reducing sodium intake is the most beneficial dietary approach for managing hypertension. High sodium intake can lead to increased blood pressure, so lowering sodium intake is crucial in managing hypertension. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because increasing caffeine intake, dietary cholesterol, or reducing fiber intake are not recommended dietary approaches for managing hypertension and may even have adverse effects on blood pressure levels.

4. Which organ produces and secretes bicarbonate ions and insulin?

• A. Stomach
• B. Pancreas
• C. Large intestine
• D. Small intestine

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The pancreas is the correct answer because it performs two vital functions: producing bicarbonate ions to neutralize stomach acid in the small intestine and secreting insulin to regulate blood glucose levels. The stomach is incorrect because its primary function is to break down and digest food, not produce bicarbonate ions or insulin. The large and small intestines are also incorrect because their primary functions are to absorb nutrients and water from food, rather than producing bicarbonate ions or insulin.

5. Which of the following foods or beverages would offer the most nutrients per calorie?

• A. chicken
• B. wine
• C. white bread
• D. broccoli

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Broccoli is indeed the correct answer. Broccoli is considered nutrient-dense, meaning it provides a significant amount of essential nutrients like vitamins, minerals, and fiber while being relatively low in calories. On the other hand, choices A, B, and C are not as nutrient-dense as broccoli. Chicken can be nutritious but may vary in nutrient content depending on the cut and preparation method. Wine, although containing antioxidants like resveratrol, is not a significant source of essential nutrients. White bread is often low in nutrients and fiber compared to whole grain options, making it less nutrient-dense than broccoli.

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