Nursing Elites

1. In consideration of the steps in applying the bag technique, which side of the paper lining of the CHN bag is considered clean to make a non-contaminated work area?

• A. The lower lip
• B. The outer surface
• C. The upper tip
• D. The inside surface

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

2. Which type of fatty acid has carbon atoms connected by two or more double bonds?

• A. Saturated fatty acids
• B. Monounsaturated fatty acids
• C. Trans fatty acids
• D. Polyunsaturated fatty acids

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Polyunsaturated fatty acids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids have two or more double bonds in their carbon chains, making them less stable and more prone to oxidation. This characteristic distinguishes them from saturated fatty acids (Choice A), which have single bonds between carbon atoms providing stability. Monounsaturated fatty acids (Choice B) contain only one double bond, and trans fatty acids (Choice C) can have varying numbers of double bonds but are not specifically defined by having two or more double bonds.

3. A patient with an ileostomy is suffering from frequent diarrhea. The clinician should advise the patient to increase his intake of what food to thicken stool output?

• A. celery
• B. salad greens
• C. potatoes
• D. dried beans and peas

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Potatoes are starchy and can help thicken stool output, making them beneficial for patients with an ileostomy experiencing diarrhea.

4. How many calories are contained in a food that has 15 grams of carbohydrates, 4 grams of protein, and 10 grams of fat?

• A. 106
• B. 124
• C. 166
• D. 202

Correct answer: C

Rationale: To calculate the total calories in a food item, you can use the following conversions: every 1 gram of carbohydrate provides 4 calories, 1 gram of protein provides 4 calories, and 1 gram of fat provides 9 calories. Therefore, for this food item, multiply 15 grams of carbohydrates by 4 calories/gram, 4 grams of protein by 4 calories/gram, and 10 grams of fat by 9 calories/gram. The calculation would be (15 * 4) + (4 * 4) + (10 * 9) = 60 + 16 + 90 = 166 calories. Choice A (106) is incorrect because it does not consider the calories from fat. Choice B (124) is incorrect as it underestimates the calories by not including all macronutrients. Choice D (202) is incorrect as it overestimates the calories by adding up the values incorrectly.

5. A nurse is teaching a client about complete and incomplete proteins. Which of the following foods should the nurse include in the teaching as an incomplete protein?

• A. 4 oz chickpeas
• B. 2 poached eggs
• C. 2 oz cheddar cheese
• D. 4 oz salmon fillet

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 4 oz chickpeas. Chickpeas are considered an incomplete protein because they lack one or more essential amino acids required by the body. Incomplete proteins do not provide all essential amino acids in sufficient quantities. Choice B, 2 poached eggs, is a complete protein source because eggs contain all essential amino acids. Choice C, 2 oz cheddar cheese, is also a complete protein as it contains all essential amino acids. Choice D, 4 oz salmon fillet, is another complete protein source as fish typically provide all essential amino acids needed by the body.

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