Nursing Elites

1. The mother of an infant diagnosed with bronchiolitis asks the nurse what causes the disease. How should the nurse respond?

• A. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
• B. Haemophilus influenzae
• C. Parainfluenza
• D. Rotavirus

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). RSV is the most common cause of bronchiolitis, especially in infants. Bronchiolitis is characterized by inflammation of the small airways in the lungs. Choice B, Haemophilus influenzae, is a bacterium that can cause respiratory infections but is not the primary cause of bronchiolitis. Choice C, Parainfluenza, is a common viral infection that can cause croup and other respiratory illnesses but is not the main cause of bronchiolitis. Choice D, Rotavirus, is a virus that primarily affects the gastrointestinal system, causing diarrhea and vomiting, and is not associated with bronchiolitis.

2. The parents of a 5-year-old child ask the nurse how they can minimize misbehavior. Which responses should the nurse give? (Select all that apply.)

• A. Set clear and reasonable goals
• B. Teach desirable behavior through your own example
• C. Don’t call attention to unacceptable behavior
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Setting clear goals, praising good behavior, and modeling appropriate behavior are effective strategies for minimizing misbehavior in children.

3. A foster parent is talking to the nurse about the health care needs for the child who has been placed in the parent's care. Which statement best describes the health care needs of foster children?

• A. Foster children always come from abusive households and are emotionally fragile.
• B. Foster children tend to have a higher than normal incidence of acute and chronic health problems.
• C. Foster children are usually born prematurely and require technologically advanced health care.
• D. Foster children will not stay in the home for an extended period, so health care needs are not as important as emotional fulfillment.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Foster children often have higher rates of acute and chronic health problems due to a variety of factors, including previous neglect, trauma, and inconsistent healthcare access.

4. The school nurse understands that children are impacted by divorce. Which has the most impact on the positive outcome of a divorce?

• A. Age of the child
• B. Gender of the child
• C. Family characteristics
• D. Ongoing family conflict

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The level of ongoing family conflict is the most significant factor influencing the positive or negative outcomes for children during and after a divorce

5. A child is hospitalized in acute renal failure and has a serum potassium greater than 7 mEq/L. What temporary measures that will produce a rapid but transient effect to reduce the potassium should the nurse expect to be prescribed? (Select all that apply.)

• A. Dialysis
• B. All below
• C. Sodium bicarbonate
• D. Glucose 50% and insulin

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Calcium gluconate, sodium bicarbonate, and glucose with insulin are used as temporary measures to rapidly reduce serum potassium levels. They help shift potassium into cells and stabilize the heart but do not remove potassium from the body like dialysis does.

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