ATI RN
ATI Nursing Care of Children
1. The mother of an infant diagnosed with bronchiolitis asks the nurse what causes the disease. How should the nurse respond?
- A. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
- B. Haemophilus influenzae
- C. Parainfluenza
- D. Rotavirus
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). RSV is the most common cause of bronchiolitis, especially in infants. Bronchiolitis is characterized by inflammation of the small airways in the lungs. Choice B, Haemophilus influenzae, is a bacterium that can cause respiratory infections but is not the primary cause of bronchiolitis. Choice C, Parainfluenza, is a common viral infection that can cause croup and other respiratory illnesses but is not the main cause of bronchiolitis. Choice D, Rotavirus, is a virus that primarily affects the gastrointestinal system, causing diarrhea and vomiting, and is not associated with bronchiolitis.
2. A child is admitted for minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS). The nurse recognizes that the child’s prognosis is related to what factor?
- A. Admission blood pressure
- B. Creatinine clearance
- C. Amount of protein in urine
- D. Response to steroid therapy
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The prognosis for children with MCNS is closely related to their response to steroid therapy. A favorable response to steroids usually indicates a better prognosis, while poor response may require alternative treatments and can indicate a more complicated disease course.
3. A 14-month-old child is admitted to the hospital with laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB). Which assessment findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Cyanosis and dyspnea
- B. Productive cough and high fever
- C. Barking cough and inspiratory stridor
- D. Pale laryngeal and dyspnea
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Barking cough and inspiratory stridor.' Classic signs of laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) include a barking cough, often described as a seal-like cough, and inspiratory stridor, which is a high-pitched sound heard during inspiration. These symptoms occur due to inflammation and narrowing of the upper airway. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the typical assessment findings of LTB. Cyanosis and dyspnea (Choice A) may occur in severe cases but are not specific to LTB. Productive cough and high fever (Choice B) are more indicative of lower respiratory tract infections. Pale laryngeal and dyspnea (Choice D) are not characteristic findings of LTB.
4. A preschool-age child is admitted to the pediatric unit for surgery. The parents request to stay with their child. How should the nurse respond?
- A. Tell the parents they can stay in the hospital but not on the unit
- B. Read the rules and regulations of rooming in with the child
- C. Let the parents know they are allowed to stay with the child
- D. Explain to the parents why they cannot stay with the child
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct response is to let the parents know they are allowed to stay with the child. Allowing parents to stay with the child can help reduce the child's anxiety and provide comfort. Choice A is incorrect as the parents should be encouraged to stay with their child. Choice B is not the immediate response the nurse should provide. Choice D is inappropriate as it does not address the benefits and importance of parental presence for the child's well-being during hospitalization.
5. Which immunization should the nurse include in a teaching session for parents of toddler-age clients to decrease the risk for epiglottitis?
- A. Hepatitis B
- B. Polio
- C. Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR)
- D. Hemophilus influenzae type B (Hib)
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Hemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) vaccine. Hib vaccine is crucial in preventing epiglottitis, a serious respiratory condition caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b bacteria. This vaccine is recommended for toddlers to protect them from developing epiglottitis. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because while they are important vaccines for children, they do not specifically target the prevention of epiglottitis, unlike the Hib vaccine.