ATI RN
Nursing Care of Children Final ATI
1. An anxious 12-year-old child receives an injection from the nurse and sighs with relief when it is done. After a moment of reflection, the girl asks the nurse, 'Is it hard to give someone an injection?' This child’s question is evidence that the child has developed which cognitive skill?
- A. Conservation
- B. Accommodation
- C. Decentering
- D. Class inclusion
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decentering. Decentering is the ability to consider multiple aspects of a situation, which the child's question demonstrates. In this scenario, the child's question shows that she is thinking beyond her own experience and considering the difficulty or complexity of giving an injection from the nurse's perspective. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Conservation refers to understanding that certain properties of an object remain the same despite changes in its appearance. Accommodation is the process of adjusting existing knowledge or creating new mental categories to incorporate new information. Class inclusion involves understanding the relationship between a whole set and its subsets, which is not demonstrated in the child's question.
2. What self-report pain rating scales can be used in children as young as 3 years of age?
- A. Poker Chip Tool
- B. Visual Analog Scale
- C. FACES Pain Rating Scale
- D. Word-Graphic Rating Scale
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The FACES Pain Rating Scale is suitable for children as young as 3 years of age. It uses facial expressions to depict different levels of pain, making it easy for young children to understand and use. The Poker Chip Tool is validated for children aged 4 and older who have a certain level of cognitive ability. The Visual Analog Scale is more appropriate for children aged 7 and above. The Word-Graphic Rating Scale, which uses descriptive words, is recommended for children in the age range of 4 to 17 years.
3. Which information about hemophilia will the nurse include in the teaching plan for the parents of a child diagnosed with hemophilia?
- A. Autosomal dominant disorder in which the blood clotting factors are deficient.
- B. X-linked recessive inherited disorder in which blood clotting factors are deficient.
- C. X-linked recessive inherited disorder involving decreased platelets causing prolonged bleeding.
- D. Autosomal recessive disorder in which the blood clotting factors are deficient.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder, primarily affecting males and passed from mothers to sons. It involves a deficiency in clotting factors, leading to prolonged bleeding. Choice A is incorrect as hemophilia is not autosomal dominant. Choice C is incorrect as hemophilia does not involve platelets. Choice D is incorrect as hemophilia is not autosomal recessive.
4. A new mom is instructed to have her toddler brush his teeth every night after dinner. This is an example of __________ which increases the toddler’s sense of security and self-mastery.
- A. Negativism
- B. Diversionary activity
- C. Critical play
- D. Ritualism
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Ritualism. Establishing routines like brushing teeth every night after dinner helps toddlers feel secure and in control. Choice A, Negativism, refers to a child's oppositional behavior. Choice B, Diversionary activity, involves redirecting attention to something else. Choice C, Critical play, does not relate to the scenario of establishing a routine for the toddler.
5. What play activities should the nurse implement to encourage fluid intake for a child? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Have a tea party.
- B. Use a crazy straw.
- C. Cut gelatin into fun shapes.
- D. All of the above
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Encouraging fluid intake can be fun and engaging through activities like having a tea party, using a crazy