ATI RN
Nursing Care of Children ATI
1. The LPN is assessing for fontanels on the head of a 6-month-old. Which fontanel is expected to still be present?
- A. Posterior
- B. Anterior
- C. Sphenoid
- D. Lambdoid
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Anterior. The anterior fontanel usually remains open until about 12-18 months of age, while the posterior fontanel closes by 2-3 months. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as the posterior fontanel closes by 2-3 months of age, and the sphenoid and lambdoid fontanels are not typically assessed in routine infant head examinations.
2. The nurse is caring for a child with acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis. Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis?
- A. Occurs after a urinary tract infection
- B. Occurs after a streptococcal infection
- C. Associated with renal vascular disorders
- D. Is caused by E. coli
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Occurs after a streptococcal infection.' Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis often occurs after an infection with certain strains of streptococcus bacteria, specifically group A streptococcus. The body’s immune response to the infection leads to inflammation and damage in the kidneys. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis is primarily associated with streptococcal infections, not urinary tract infections, renal vascular disorders, or E. coli.
3. Which actions by the nurse demonstrate overinvolvement with patients and their families? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Buying clothes for the patients
- B. Showing favoritism toward a patient
- C. All
- D. Spending off-duty time with patients and families
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Overinvolvement includes personal actions like buying clothes, showing favoritism, and spending off-duty time with patients, which can blur professional boundaries.
4. An infant weighed 8 lb at birth and was 18 inches in length. What weight and length should the infant be at 5 months of age?
- A. 12 lb, 20 inches
- B. 14 lb, 21.5 inches
- C. 16 lb, 23 inches
- D. 18 lb, 24.5 inches
Correct answer: C
Rationale: By 5 months, an infant's weight should typically double from birth, and length should increase by approximately 50%.
5. Which of the following conditions is characterized by a 'machine-like' murmur in children?
- A. Patent ductus arteriosus
- B. Ventricular septal defect
- C. Atrial septal defect
- D. Coarctation of the aorta
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Patent ductus arteriosus. This condition is characterized by a continuous 'machine-like' murmur due to abnormal blood flow between the aorta and pulmonary artery. Ventricular septal defect (choice B) is characterized by a harsh holosystolic murmur, atrial septal defect (choice C) typically presents with a fixed split S2 and a pulmonary flow murmur, and coarctation of the aorta (choice D) is associated with a systolic murmur in the back and bilateral lower extremities.