Nursing Elites

1. What is the most important regulator of the amount of sodium in the body?

• A. Kidneys
• B. Small intestine
• C. Large intestine
• D. Skin

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Kidneys. The kidneys play a crucial role in regulating the amount of sodium in the body. They achieve this by filtering blood and controlling the excretion or reabsorption of sodium. The small intestine is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption, not sodium regulation. The large intestine is mainly involved in water absorption and waste elimination, not sodium balance. The skin helps regulate body temperature through sweating and does not directly regulate sodium levels.

2. You are doing discharge teaching with a patient who has hypophosphatemia during his time in hospital. The patient has a diet ordered that is high in phosphate. What foods would you teach this patient to include in his diet? Select all that do not apply

• A. Milk
• B. Beef
• C. Poultry
• D. Liver

Correct answer: B

Rationale:

3. The term used to describe a blood sodium level of more than 145 mEq/L is:

• A. hyponatremia.
• B. hyperkalemia.
• C. hypernatremia.
• D. hypercalcemia.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: hypernatremia. Hypernatremia refers to an elevated level of sodium in the blood, specifically when it is more than 145 mEq/L. Choice A, hyponatremia, is incorrect as it refers to low sodium levels. Choice B, hyperkalemia, is incorrect as it refers to high potassium levels, not sodium. Choice D, hypercalcemia, is also incorrect as it relates to elevated calcium levels, not sodium.

4. A nurse is caring for a client who is having a subclavian central venous catheter inserted. The client begins to report chest pain and difficulty breathing. After administering oxygen, which action should the nurse take next?

• A. Administer a sublingual nitroglycerin tablet
• B. Prepare to assist with chest tube insertion.
• C. . Place a sterile dressing over the IV site
• D. Re-position the client into the Trendelenburg position.

Correct answer: B

Rationale:

5. What percentage of body water can be as high as in a newborn?

• A. 80%.
• B. 70%.
• C. 60%.
• D. 90%.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 80%. Newborns can have a body water content as high as 80% due to their higher total body water compared to adults. Choice B (70%) is incorrect because newborns typically have a higher body water percentage. Choice C (60%) is also incorrect as it underestimates the body water content in newborns. Choice D (90%) is incorrect as it overestimates the body water percentage in newborns.

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