a newly graduated nurse is admitting a patient with a long history of emphysema the new nurses preceptor is going over the patients past lab reports

ATI RN

ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation

1. A newly graduated nurse is admitting a patient with a long history of emphysema. The new nurses preceptor is going over the patients past lab reports with the new nurse. The nurse takes note that the patients PaCO2 has been between 56 and 64 mm Hg for several months. The preceptor asks the new nurse why they will be cautious administering oxygen. What is the new nurses best response?

A. The patients calcium will rise dramatically due to pituitary stimulation.
B. Oxygen will increase the patients intracranial pressure and create confusion.
C. Oxygen may cause the patient to hyperventilate and become acidotic.
D. Using oxygen may result in the patient developing carbon dioxide narcosis and hypoxemia.

Correct answer: D

Rationale:

2. A nurse is caring for a client with a peripheral vascular access device who is experiencing pain, redness, and swelling at the site. After removing the device, which action should the nurse take to relieve pain?

A. Administer topical lidocaine to the site.
B. Place warm compresses on the site.
C. . Administer prescribed oral pain medication.
D. Massage the site with scented oils.

Correct answer: B

Rationale:

3. Extracellular fluid includes:

A. plasma and intracellular fluid.
B. interstitial and intracellular fluids.
C. plasma and interstitial fluid.
D. plasma, interstitial fluid, and intracellular fluid.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'plasma and interstitial fluid.' Extracellular fluid consists of all body fluids outside the cells, primarily including plasma (the liquid component of blood) and interstitial fluid (the fluid between cells). Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because intracellular fluid is located within the cells, not in the extracellular fluid compartment.

4. You are caring for a patient with a diagnosis of pancreatitis. The patient was admitted from a homeless shelter and is a vague historian. The patient appears malnourished and on day 3 of the patients admission total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has been started. Why would you know to start the infusion of TPN slowly?

A. Patients receiving TPN are at risk for hypercalcemia if calories are started too rapidly.
B. Malnourished patients receiving parenteral nutrition are at risk for hypophosphatemia if calories are started too aggressively.
C. Malnourished patients who receive fluids too rapidly are at risk for hypernatremia.
D. Patients receiving TPN need a slow initiation of treatment in order to allow digestive enzymes to accumulate

Correct answer: B

Rationale:

5. Where is the largest volume of water in the body located?

A. Plasma
B. The fluid inside the cells
C. Interstitial fluid
D. Lymph

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The largest volume of water in the body is found inside the cells, known as intracellular fluid. This fluid makes up the majority of the body's total water content. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because while plasma, interstitial fluid, and lymph are important components of the body's fluid compartments, they do not contain the largest volume of water in the body.