ATI RN
ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam 2023
1. What is the most common type of kidney stone?
- A. Cystine
- B. Calcium
- C. Struvite
- D. Uric acid
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The most common type of kidney stone is calcium-based, specifically calcium oxalate. This is usually due to high calcium levels in the urine, which can be caused by dietary factors or certain metabolic disorders. Cystine stones, on the other hand, are less common and occur in individuals with a hereditary disorder leading to excessive excretion of certain amino acids. Struvite stones are often formed in response to an infection. Uric acid stones may occur in individuals who do not consume sufficient fluids or who lose too much fluid, among other factors. Therefore, while all these substances can form stones in the kidneys, calcium stones are the most common.
2. A nurse is assessing a newborn who is 12 hours old. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. Heart rate 140/min.
- B. A bulging anterior fontanel.
- C. Respiratory rate 50/min.
- D. Blood glucose 45 mg/dL.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: A blood glucose level of 45 mg/dL is below the normal range for a newborn and indicates hypoglycemia, which can lead to serious complications if left untreated. Therefore, this finding should be reported to the provider immediately. Choices A, B, and C are within normal ranges for a newborn and do not require immediate reporting. A heart rate of 140/min, a bulging anterior fontanel, and a respiratory rate of 50/min are all common findings in a newborn and do not raise immediate concerns.
3. What role does culture play in understanding abnormal behavior?
- A. Culture plays a minimal role in understanding abnormal behavior.
- B. Culture is essential in shaping our perceptions and definitions of abnormal behavior.
- C. Culture has little impact on the expression of abnormal behavior.
- D. Culture only affects the treatment of abnormal behavior, not its understanding.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Culture is essential in shaping our perceptions and definitions of abnormal behavior. Choice A is incorrect because culture actually plays a significant role in understanding abnormal behavior. Choice C is incorrect as culture can have a considerable impact on how abnormal behavior is expressed. Choice D is incorrect because culture influences not only the treatment but also the understanding of abnormal behavior.
4. What is the most effective intervention for a patient experiencing acute pain?
- A. Administer analgesics
- B. Reposition the patient
- C. Provide non-pharmacological interventions
- D. Administer IV fluids
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Administering analgesics is the most effective intervention for a patient experiencing acute pain as it directly targets the pain receptors and provides relief. Repositioning the patient may help in some cases, but it is not the primary intervention for managing acute pain. Non-pharmacological interventions can be beneficial as adjuncts to pain management but might not provide immediate relief. Administering IV fluids is not a standard intervention for acute pain unless dehydration is contributing to the pain.
5. The correct method for determining the vastus lateralis site for I.M. injection is to:
- A. Locate the upper aspect of the upper outer quadrant of the buttock about 5 to 8 cm below the iliac crest
- B. Palpate the lower edge of the acromion process and the midpoint lateral aspect of the arm
- C. Palpate a 1” circular area anterior to the umbilicus
- D. Divide the area between the greater femoral trochanter and the lateral femoral condyle into thirds, and select the middle third on the anterior of the thigh
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The vastus lateralis site is located in the middle third of the thigh.