ATI RN
Nutrition ATI Proctored Exam 2023
1. The mentally ill person responds positively to the nurse who is warm and caring. This is a demonstration of the nurse’s role as:
- A. counselor
- B. mother surrogate
- C. therapist
- D. socializing agent
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.
2. What major complication is associated with a child with chronic renal failure?
- A. Hypokalemia
- B. Metabolic alkalosis
- C. Water and sodium retention
- D. Excessive excretion of blood urea nitrogen
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Water and sodium retention is a major complication in chronic renal failure, leading to hypertension and edema. Hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis are less common, and while BUN levels rise, retention rather than excretion is problematic in chronic renal failure.
3. Causes of acute renal failure include:
- A. chronic renal failure
- B. uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
- C. recurrent urinary tract infections
- D. severe injury such as extensive burns
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Severe injuries, like extensive burns, can cause acute renal failure due to shock, reduced blood flow to the kidneys, and tissue damage. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because chronic renal failure, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, and recurrent urinary tract infections are more likely to contribute to chronic kidney disease rather than acute renal failure.
4. The client on furosemide (Lasix) is at risk for which electrolyte imbalance?
- A. Hyperkalemia
- B. Hypokalemia
- C. Hyponatremia
- D. Hypernatremia
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypokalemia. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can lead to potassium loss, resulting in hypokalemia. This electrolyte imbalance is a significant risk associated with diuretic use. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Hyperkalemia (choice A) is not typically associated with furosemide use. Hyponatremia (choice C) and hypernatremia (choice D) are related to sodium levels, not potassium levels affected by furosemide.
5. The complete blood count (CBC) indicates that a patient is thrombocytopenic. Which action should the nurse include in the plan of care?
- A. Avoid intramuscular injections.
- B. Encourage increased oral fluids.
- C. Check temperature every 4 hours.
- D. Increase intake of iron-rich foods.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct action to include in the plan of care for a thrombocytopenic patient is to avoid intramuscular injections. Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by a decreased number of platelets, which are essential for blood clotting. Intramuscular injections can pose a risk of bleeding in patients with low platelet counts. Encouraging increased oral fluids (choice B) is beneficial for hydration but does not directly address the risk of bleeding associated with thrombocytopenia. Checking temperature every 4 hours (choice C) is important for monitoring infection but does not specifically address the risk of bleeding. Increasing intake of iron-rich foods (choice D) is more related to addressing anemia, not the primary concern of bleeding in thrombocytopenia.