Nursing Elites

1. What is the glomerular filtration rate for patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

• A. Less than 15 mL/min/1.73 m²
• B. Less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m²
• C. Less than 90 mL/min/1.73 m²
• D. Less than 125 mL/min/1.73 m²

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD), also known as end-stage renal disease, the kidney function is significantly compromised. This severe condition is characterized by a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 15 mL/min/1.73 m², as correctly stated in choice A. Choices B, C, and D suggest higher GFR values, which are not indicative of stage 5 CKD. Specifically, a GFR of less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m² indicates stage 4 CKD, less than 90 mL/min/1.73 m² signifies stage 3 CKD, and a typical healthy individual usually has a GFR of around 125 mL/min/1.73 m², which is far above the GFR for stage 5 CKD.

2. A nurse is providing MyPlate education to a client newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Which plate chosen by the client indicates the teaching was effective, according to the MyPlate guidelines?

• A. 1/2 of the plate is filled with carbohydrate foods, 1/4 filled with protein foods, and 1/4 filled with fruits and vegetables
• B. 1/2 of the plate is filled with protein foods, 1/4 filled with carbohydrates, and 1/4 filled with non-starchy vegetables
• C. 1/2 of the plate is filled with carbohydrates, 1/4 filled with protein foods, and 1/4 filled with non-starchy vegetables
• D. 1/2 of the plate is filled with non-starchy vegetables, 1/4 filled with protein foods, and 1/4 filled with carbohydrate foods

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. This option reflects the MyPlate guidelines for managing diabetes effectively. In diabetes management, it is essential to focus on non-starchy vegetables, appropriate protein portions, and controlled carbohydrate intake. Option A places too much emphasis on carbohydrates, which may not be suitable for diabetes. Option B swaps the proportions of protein and carbohydrates, which is not in line with the recommended distribution. Option C places too much emphasis on carbohydrates and lacks the emphasis on non-starchy vegetables, making it less suitable for diabetes management.

3. You are caring for Conrad who has a brain tumor and increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP). Which intervention should you include in your plan to reduce ICP?

• A. Administer bowel softener
• B. Position Conrad with his head turned toward the side of the tumor
• C. Provide sensory stimulation
• D. Encourage coughing and deep breathing

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.

4. To follow a healthy diet, a person should be sure that:

• A. 20-35% of the total carbs eaten should be made up of fiber
• B. 45-65% of the total carbs eaten should be made up of fiber
• C. 45-65% of the total fiber eaten should be made up of soluble fiber
• D. 45-65% of the total calories eaten should be made up of carbs

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) suggests that 45-65% of total daily calories should come from carbohydrates.

5. Aling Maria is nearing menopause. She is habitually taking cola and coffee for the past 20 years. You should tell Aling Maria to avoid taking caffeinated beverages because:

• A. It is stimulating
• B. It will cause nervousness and insomnia
• C. It will contribute to additional bone demineralization
• D. It will cause tachycardia and arrhythmias

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

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