Nursing Elites

1. The priority nursing diagnosis for a client with major depression is:

• A. Altered nutrition
• B. Altered thought process
• C. Self care deficit
• D. Risk for injury

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

2. A healthcare provider is teaching a client about nutritional requirements necessary to promote wound healing. Which of the following nutrients should the provider include in the teaching?

• A. Protein
• B. Calcium
• C. Vitamin B1
• D. Vitamin D

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Protein is crucial for wound healing as it plays a vital role in tissue repair and synthesis. Calcium is important for bone health but not directly related to wound healing. Vitamin B1 is essential for energy production but not specifically significant for wound healing. Vitamin D is essential for bone health and immune function but is not a primary nutrient emphasized for wound healing.

3. Which risk factors increase the risk of atherosclerosis?

• A. Exercise
• B. Excessive sun exposure
• C. Insufficient vaccinations
• D. Smoking

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Smoking is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. It significantly contributes to the buildup of plaque in the arteries and thereby increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, exercise is generally beneficial for cardiovascular health and is not a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Excessive sun exposure and insufficient vaccinations have no established links to atherosclerosis, making them incorrect options for this question.

4. A community health nurse is conducting a class on what to expect during pregnancy. What instruction should the nurse include on weight gain?

• A. Failure to obtain the required weight gain during pregnancy will increase the risk of preterm birth.
• B. An obese client should not gain as much weight as a client with a normal body mass index.
• C. A client with a normal body mass index should plan on gaining 50 pounds.
• D. Clients do not need to eat for two when they are pregnant.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Adequate weight gain during pregnancy is essential as failure to obtain the required weight gain can increase the risk of preterm birth. Choice B is incorrect because it is important for obese clients to gain an appropriate amount of weight during pregnancy, not the same as those with a normal body mass index. Choice C is incorrect as gaining 50 pounds for a client with a normal body mass index is excessive. Choice D is incorrect as the common saying 'eating for two' during pregnancy is a misconception; pregnant individuals do not need to double their caloric intake.

5. Which nutrient deficiency are people who regularly take prescription drugs such as steroids and diuretics at risk for?

• A. Potassium
• B. Selenium
• C. Iodine
• D. Chloride

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Regular intake of prescription drugs like steroids and diuretics can lead to the loss of potassium in the body, causing a condition known as hypokalemia. Therefore, people on these medications require careful monitoring and often need potassium supplementation to prevent this deficiency. The other options, selenium, iodine, and chloride, are incorrect because there is no specific link between their deficiency and the regular use of steroids and diuretics.

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