Nursing Elites

1. What is the medical term for a persistent, abnormal distortion of taste?

• A. Anosmia
• B. Dysgeusia
• C. Xerostomia
• D. Hypogeusia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is Dysgeusia, which is a persistent and abnormal distortion of the sense of taste. This condition can be triggered by various factors such as medications or certain diseases. Anosmia, choice A, refers to the loss of the sense of smell, not taste. Xerostomia, choice C, is the medical term for dry mouth, which is not specifically related to a distortion of taste. Hypogeusia, choice D, refers to a reduced ability to taste things, which is not the same as a distortion of the sense of taste.

2. What is the movement of water from an area of lower solute concentration to one of higher solute concentration called?

• A. Hypodipsia
• B. Hypernatremia
• C. Hypokalemia
• D. Osmosis

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Osmosis. Osmosis is the process where water moves from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. This movement equalizes the solute concentration in intracellular and extracellular fluids. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not describe the movement of water based on solute concentration levels.

3. In responding to the care concerns of children with severe disease, referral to the hospital is of the essence especially if the child manifests which of the following?

• A. Wheezing
• B. Stop feeding well
• C. Fast breathing
• D. Difficulty to awaken

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

4. The home health nurse visits older adult clients at an assisted living center. Which foods should the nurse recommend to correct the main nutrient deficits for this population?

• A. Carbohydrates
• B. Oily fish and krill oil
• C. Yellow vegetables
• D. Dairy products

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Dairy products. Older adults are often deficient in calcium and vitamin D, which are abundant in dairy products. These nutrients are essential for maintaining bone health. Choice A (Carbohydrates) is incorrect because while carbohydrates are an essential nutrient, they are not specifically addressing the main nutrient deficits for older adults. Choice B (Oily fish and krill oil) is incorrect as these foods are sources of omega-3 fatty acids and not specifically addressing the main nutrient deficits common in older adults. Choice C (Yellow vegetables) is incorrect because although vegetables are important for overall health, they do not directly address the main nutrient deficits typically seen in older adults.

5. A nurse is providing teaching to the parent of an infant about introducing solid foods. The nurse should recommend that which of the following foods be introduced first?

• A. Strained fruits
• B. Pureed meats
• C. Cooked egg whites
• D. Iron-fortified cereal

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When introducing solid foods to infants, it is recommended to start with iron-fortified cereal as it is easily digestible and a good source of iron, an important nutrient for infants around 6 months of age. Strained fruits are usually introduced later due to their natural sugars. Pureed meats can be introduced after iron-fortified cereals to provide additional protein and iron. Cooked egg whites should be avoided until the infant is at least one year old to reduce the risk of allergies.

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