Nursing Elites

1. Which is most likely to initiate periodontal disease?

• A. Nutrient deficiencies
• B. Nutrient excesses
• C. Nutrient imbalances
• D. Plaque biofilm

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Plaque biofilm is the primary initiator of periodontal disease, as it harbors bacteria that can lead to inflammation and destruction of the periodontal tissues.

2. Which physiologic role does vitamin C play in the body?

• A. Transcribing DNA to RNA
• B. Absorption and regulation of calcium
• C. Protects integrity of cellular membranes
• D. Catalyst for synthesis of blood-clotting factors

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Vitamin C plays a crucial role in protecting the integrity of cellular membranes. It is essential for collagen synthesis, which is important for wound healing and maintaining skin, blood vessels, and other tissues. Choice A is incorrect as the transcription of DNA to RNA is facilitated by vitamin A. Choice B is incorrect as calcium absorption and regulation are functions of vitamin D. Choice D is incorrect as vitamin K serves as a catalyst for the synthesis of blood-clotting factors, not vitamin C.

3. Dental hygienists should not encourage patients with eating disorders such as bulimia to brush immediately after vomiting because self-induced vomiting causes erosion of tooth enamel and dentin hypersensitivity.

• A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related
• B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related
• C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct
• D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The corrected question emphasizes that patients with eating disorders like bulimia should not brush immediately after vomiting as it can worsen enamel erosion due to the acidic content in the mouth. The correct answer is D because patients should rinse with water or a fluoride mouthwash instead of brushing to protect their teeth. Choice A is incorrect because encouraging patients to brush after vomiting is not recommended. Choice B is incorrect as the reason provided is valid but not suitable for the action of encouraging brushing. Choice C is incorrect as the reason for not brushing after vomiting is to prevent enamel erosion.

4. What is the most significant dietary influence on the development of dental caries?

• A. Carbohydrates
• B. Vitamins
• C. Minerals
• D. Fats

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates, especially fermentable sugars, are the most significant dietary factor in the development of dental caries. When these sugars are consumed, they can be fermented by bacteria in the mouth, leading to the production of acids. These acids lower the pH in the mouth, creating an acidic environment that promotes demineralization of the tooth enamel, ultimately causing dental caries. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while vitamins and minerals are important for overall health, they do not have the same direct impact on the development of dental caries as fermentable carbohydrates do. Fats, on the other hand, do not play a significant role in the development of dental caries.

5. Why is bleeding in the leg of a pregnant woman considered as an emergency?

• A. Blood volume is greater in pregnant woman; therefore, blood loss is increased
• B. There is an increase blood pressure during pregnancy increasing the likelihood of hemorrhage
• C. Pregnant woman are anemic, all forms of blood loss should be considered as an emergency especially if it is in the
• D. The pressure of the gravid uterus will exert additional force thus, increasing the blood loss in the lower extremities

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

Similar Questions