Nursing Elites

1. Which is most likely to initiate periodontal disease?

• A. Nutrient deficiencies
• B. Nutrient excesses
• C. Nutrient imbalances
• D. Plaque biofilm

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Plaque biofilm is the primary initiator of periodontal disease, as it harbors bacteria that can lead to inflammation and destruction of the periodontal tissues.

2. Cyanocobalamin is a form of which vitamin?

• A. Vitamin B1
• B. Vitamin B2
• C. Vitamin B3
• D. Vitamin B12

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Cyanocobalamin is a synthetic form of Vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 is essential for various bodily functions, including red blood cell formation, neurological function, and DNA synthesis. It is not to be confused with Vitamin B1, B2, or B3, which are separate vitamins with different roles in the body.

3. When can a patient's medical record become a potential issue for the doctor or nurse?

• A. When the record is extensive
• B. When a medical record is subpoenaed in court
• C. When it is missing
• D. When the medical record is inaccurate, incomplete, or inadequate

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. A medical record becomes a potential issue for a doctor or a nurse when it is inaccurate, incomplete, or inadequate. This is because a medical record is a key tool for healthcare professionals to track a patient's history, treatment, and progress. If the record is not accurate or complete, it can lead to misdiagnosis, incorrect treatment, or other potential problems in patient care. While missing records (Choice C) could be a problem, they do not directly implicate the doctor or nurse in the same way that inaccurate or inadequate records do. An extensive record (Choice A) or a record being subpoenaed in court (Choice B) are not inherently problematic for healthcare professionals and do not necessarily reflect negatively on their work.

4. Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) may be responsible for the increased incidence of noma and necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) because these conditions are associated with depressed immune responses caused by nutritional deficiencies.

• A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related
• B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related
• C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct
• D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The corrected question highlights that protein-energy malnutrition weakens the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to conditions like noma and NUG, which are linked to compromised immunity. Choice A is correct because the statement and reason are both accurate and directly related. Protein-energy malnutrition does result in depressed immune responses, which can predispose individuals to noma and NUG. Choice B is incorrect because the statement and reason are indeed related. Choice C is incorrect as both the statement and reason are accurate. Choice D is also incorrect as the statement is correct and directly supports the reason provided.

5. A nurse is caring for a 30-month-old toddler and is preparing a nutritional snack. Which of the following foods is appropriate for the nurse to offer the toddler?

• A. Plain popcorn
• B. Grapes
• C. Raw carrots
• D. Cheese

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Cheese is a safe and nutritious option for toddlers as it provides calcium and protein without posing choking hazards. Plain popcorn, grapes, and raw carrots are not recommended for toddlers due to the potential choking risks they present, especially at a young age.

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