Nursing Elites

1. The mechanism behind most CKD in patients without diabetes is mediated by:

• A. enzyme systems
• B. immune systems
• C. catabolic systems
• D. hormonal systems

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In non-diabetic patients, CKD is often mediated by immune system responses. Chronic inflammation triggered by immune system dysfunction can contribute to progressive kidney damage. Therefore, the correct answer is 'immune systems.' Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because CKD in non-diabetic patients is primarily associated with immune system abnormalities rather than enzyme, catabolic, or hormonal systems.

2. She instructed the interviewees not to tell the interviewees that the data gathered are for her own research project for publication. This teacher has violated the student’s right to:

• A. Not be harmed
• B. Disclosure
• C. Privacy
• D. Self-determination

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Understanding the underlying pathology and therapeutic techniques ensures that nursing care is not only reactive but also preventative, reducing the risk of complications.

3. Which type of fatty acid has carbon atoms connected by two or more double bonds?

• A. Saturated fatty acids
• B. Monounsaturated fatty acids
• C. Trans fatty acids
• D. Polyunsaturated fatty acids

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Polyunsaturated fatty acids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids have two or more double bonds in their carbon chains, making them less stable and more prone to oxidation. This characteristic distinguishes them from saturated fatty acids (Choice A), which have single bonds between carbon atoms providing stability. Monounsaturated fatty acids (Choice B) contain only one double bond, and trans fatty acids (Choice C) can have varying numbers of double bonds but are not specifically defined by having two or more double bonds.

4. What sensation is used as a gauge so that patients with ileostomy can determine how often their pouch should be drained?

• A. Sensation of taste
• B. Sensation of pressure
• C. Sensation of smell
• D. Urge to defecate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sensation of pressure. Patients with ileostomy can determine how often their pouch should be drained by feeling the sensation of pressure. This is important as it helps prevent leakage or overflow of the pouch. The sensation of taste (choice A) and smell (choice C) are not typically used as gauges for draining the pouch in ileostomy patients. The urge to defecate (choice D) is not relevant in this context as patients with ileostomy do not pass stool through the rectum.

5. A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus asks a nurse for a sweetener recommendation. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse make?

• A. Corn syrup
• B. Natural honey
• C. Nonnutritive sugar substitute
• D. Guava nectar

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct recommendation for a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus looking for a sweetener is a nonnutritive sugar substitute. Nonnutritive sugar substitutes do not significantly affect blood glucose levels, making them a suitable option for individuals with diabetes. Corn syrup and natural honey are high in sugar and can lead to spikes in blood glucose levels, which is not ideal for someone with diabetes. Guava nectar, while natural, is also high in sugar content and not recommended for individuals with diabetes.

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