ATI RN
Human Growth and Development Exam 1
1. The harm done by teratogens __________.
- A. is straightforward and predictable
- B. is usually apparent at birth
- C. rarely goes beyond physical damage
- D. depends on age at the time of exposure
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The harm done by teratogens depends on the age at the time of exposure. This means that the effects may vary depending on the developmental stage of the fetus when exposed to the teratogen. Teratogens can have different impacts at different stages of pregnancy, leading to a range of potential outcomes in terms of physical and/or cognitive development. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the harm caused by teratogens is not straightforward, may not be apparent at birth, and can go beyond physical damage, affecting cognitive development as well.
2. Why is the administration of benzene hexachloride (Lindane) for the treatment of scabies applied in small quantities?
- A. Excessive applications will lead to central nervous system toxicity.
- B. Excessive applications will cause irritation, rash, and inflammation.
- C. Excessive applications will cause headaches, dizziness, and diarrhea.
- D. Excessive applications will lead to anorexia and cachexia.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The rationale for instructing the patient to apply benzene hexachloride (Lindane) in small quantities for scabies treatment is that excessive applications can lead to central nervous system toxicity. Lindane is a neurotoxin, and overuse or incorrect application can result in adverse effects on the central nervous system, such as seizures, dizziness, and even death. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect the specific toxic effects associated with Lindane, which primarily affects the central nervous system rather than causing skin irritation, gastrointestinal symptoms, or metabolic issues.
3. In which declaration was the concept of Primary Health Care discussed?
- A. Alma Ata Declaration
- B. Declaration of Helsinki
- C. Declaration of Human Rights
- D. Declaration of Ottawa
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The concept of Primary Health Care was discussed in the Alma Ata Declaration. The Alma Ata Declaration, adopted at the International Conference on Primary Health Care in Alma Ata, Kazakhstan, in 1978, emphasized the importance of primary health care in achieving Health for All by the year 2000. This declaration promoted a comprehensive approach to health care that is essential, accessible, acceptable, and affordable to individuals and communities. It highlighted the significance of addressing social, economic, and environmental determinants of health to achieve better health outcomes for all.
4. What instruction should be included when teaching a client with asthma about using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI)?
- A. Shake the inhaler well before use.
- B. Inhale rapidly while administering the medication.
- C. Administer the medication while lying down.
- D. Hold the inhaler 2 inches away from the mouth while inhaling.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Shaking the inhaler well before use ensures that the medication is properly mixed, allowing for an accurate dose with each administration. Inhaling slowly and deeply, not rapidly, helps the medication reach the lungs effectively. The medication should be administered while sitting or standing to facilitate proper lung expansion and airflow. Holding the inhaler 2 inches away from the mouth can lead to medication loss; it should be placed directly in the mouth or used with a spacer to optimize delivery to the airways.
5. Which of the following women are at highest risk for the development of endometrial cancer?
- A. A 50-year-old postmenopausal woman with a history of high-risk human papillomavirus
- B. A 45-year-old woman who is obese and has menstrual irregularities with periods of amenorrhea and infrequent periods.
- C. A 40-year-old woman who is overweight and has hypertension.
- D. A 55-year-old woman who smokes.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Obesity and irregular menstrual cycles, including periods of amenorrhea and infrequent periods, are significant risk factors for the development of endometrial cancer. Choice A is less likely as postmenopausal status reduces the risk. Choice C is not directly associated with a high risk of endometrial cancer. Choice D, smoking, is more strongly linked to other types of cancers like lung cancer rather than endometrial cancer.
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