Nursing Elites

1. The goal of remotivation therapy is to facilitate:

• A. Insight C. Socialization
• B. Productivity D. Intimacy
• C.
• D.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

2. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. Albumin in my urine is an indication of normal kidney function.
• B. I will keep my HbA1c at five percent.
• C. I will have ketones in my urine if my blood glucose is maintained at 190 milligrams per deciliter.
• D. I will keep my blood glucose levels between 200 and 212 milligrams per deciliter.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Maintaining an HbA1c level of 5 percent indicates good long-term blood glucose control and understanding of diabetes management. Choice A is incorrect because the presence of albumin in the urine (albuminuria) is actually an indication of kidney damage in diabetes. Choice C is incorrect as ketones in the urine are a sign of inadequate insulin and can occur when blood glucose levels are high, not at a specific level like 190 mg/dL. Choice D is also incorrect as the client should aim to keep blood glucose levels within a tighter range for better control, typically between 80-130 mg/dL before meals and less than 180 mg/dL after meals.

3. A nurse is planning care for a client who has ascites secondary to liver disease. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?

• A. Reduce complex carbohydrates to 30% of total calories.
• B. Restrict protein intake to less than 0.8 g/kg/day.
• C. Decrease daily caloric intake by 20%.
• D. Limit sodium to 2000 mg or less per day.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is to limit sodium to 2000 mg or less per day. Ascites, which is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, is commonly associated with liver disease. Limiting sodium intake helps manage fluid retention by reducing the fluid accumulation in the abdomen. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because reducing complex carbohydrates, restricting protein intake, or decreasing caloric intake are not the primary interventions for managing ascites in liver disease.

4. In a patient with osteoporosis, which mineral is essential to prevent further bone loss?

• A. Iron
• B. Phosphorus
• C. Magnesium
• D. Calcium

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Calcium is crucial in preventing bone loss in patients with osteoporosis.

5. Each statement is true regarding oral exposure to fermentable carbohydrates, except one. Which is the exception?

• A. Longer exposure leads to an increased risk of demineralization
• B. Longer exposure increases the opportunity for remineralization
• C. The Stephan curve illustrates pH changes within plaque after rinsing with a sugar solution
• D. The critical pH at which enamel decalcification occurs is 5.5 or less

Correct answer: B

Rationale: All the statements above are accurate about oral exposure to fermentable carbohydrates, except for option B. In fact, longer exposure to these carbohydrates decreases the opportunity for remineralization. This is because the process of demineralization, in which minerals are lost from the tooth enamel, is sped up by the presence of fermentable carbohydrates. The Stephan curve (option C) is a graph that demonstrates how the pH of dental plaque changes after a sugar rinse, usually dropping (becoming more acidic), which can lead to enamel decalcification. Option D is also accurate, as a pH of 5.5 or lower is the critical point at which enamel starts to decalcify.

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