Nursing Elites

1. Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) because ascorbic acid is required for collagen synthesis. Is this statement true or false?

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C. Not applicable
• D. Not applicable

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The statement is accurate. Scurvy is indeed caused by a deficiency in ascorbic acid, which is another name for Vitamin C. This vitamin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of collagen, a protein that helps in the formation and strength of skin, blood vessels, tissues, and bones. When the body lacks Vitamin C, it cannot produce enough collagen, leading to symptoms associated with scurvy such as bleeding gums and weakened immunity. The choice 'False' is incorrect because it contradicts the proven medical and scientific understanding of the causes of scurvy. Choices 'C' and 'D' are marked as 'Not applicable' because the question only requires a true or false answer.

2. A client with hypertension is being educated by a nurse about a heart-healthy diet. Which of the following statements indicates that the client understands the teaching?

• A. I will get 15% of my total daily calories from saturated fats.
• B. I will decrease the potassium in my diet.
• C. I will limit my daily sodium intake to 3 grams.
• D. I will eat five 8-ounce servings of fruit daily.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Limiting daily sodium intake to 3 grams is crucial in managing blood pressure and is a fundamental aspect of a heart-healthy diet. High sodium intake can contribute to hypertension and cardiovascular issues. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because getting 15% of daily calories from saturated fats, decreasing potassium intake, and eating five servings of fruit do not directly address the management of hypertension through sodium restriction.

3. A healthcare provider is assessing a client who has a stage III pressure ulcer that is healing poorly. The provider should identify that which of the following vitamin deficiencies increases the client’s risk for delayed wound healing?

• A. Vitamin C
• B. Vitamin D
• C. Vitamin E
• D. Vitamin B6

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Vitamin C deficiency can impair collagen synthesis and delay wound healing, making it crucial for recovery from pressure ulcers. Incorrect Rationales: - Vitamin D deficiency is associated with bone health, not specifically wound healing. - Vitamin E deficiency can lead to neurological and immune system issues but is not directly linked to delayed wound healing. - Vitamin B6 deficiency can cause skin rashes and neurological symptoms but is not a primary factor in delayed wound healing.

4. Sugar alcohols have anticariogenic properties and can protect the teeth by decreasing demineralization, enhancing remineralization, or increasing salivary flow, even in the presence of a fermentable carbohydrate. Name 3 sugar alcohols.

• A. Sorbitol
• B. Mannitol
• C. Xylitol
• D. Erythritol

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Sugar alcohols such as sorbitol, mannitol, and xylitol are commonly used in sugar-free products and have properties that help protect teeth from caries by promoting remineralization and increasing salivary flow. Erythritol is another common sugar alcohol used as a sweetener in various products, but it was not listed in the question.

5. Gina, A client in prolong labor said she cannot go on anymore. The health care team decided that both the child and the mother cannot anymore endure the process. The baby is premature and has a little chance of surviving. Caesarian section is not possible because Gina already lost enough blood during labor and additional losses would tend to be fatal. The husband decided that Gina should survive and gave his consent to terminate the fetus. The principle that will be used by the health care team is:

• A. Beneficence
• B. Non malfeasance
• C. Justice
• D. Double effect

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.

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