Nursing Elites

1. Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) because ascorbic acid is required for collagen synthesis. Is this statement true or false?

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C. Not applicable
• D. Not applicable

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The statement is accurate. Scurvy is indeed caused by a deficiency in ascorbic acid, which is another name for Vitamin C. This vitamin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of collagen, a protein that helps in the formation and strength of skin, blood vessels, tissues, and bones. When the body lacks Vitamin C, it cannot produce enough collagen, leading to symptoms associated with scurvy such as bleeding gums and weakened immunity. The choice 'False' is incorrect because it contradicts the proven medical and scientific understanding of the causes of scurvy. Choices 'C' and 'D' are marked as 'Not applicable' because the question only requires a true or false answer.

2. Medication for treating high blood cholesterol levels should not be used for most people unless:

• A. The patient has at least three major risk factors for coronary heart disease
• B. The patient has been experiencing symptoms of coronary heart disease for at least three months
• C. The patient's medical insurance covers prescription drugs
• D. Treatment with Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) alone is unsuccessful after three months

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is choice D because medication for high cholesterol is typically not considered unless Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC), which include diet and exercise, have not proven effective after a three-month period. This approach ensures that lifestyle modifications are given a fair chance to lower cholesterol levels before resorting to medication. Choice A is incorrect because the number of risk factors for coronary heart disease does not dictate when to begin medication; it is about the effectiveness of lifestyle changes. Choice B is incorrect as the duration of coronary heart disease symptoms does not determine when to start medication; the focus is on the response to TLC. Choice C is incorrect because the coverage of prescription drugs by the patient's insurance does not influence the medical decision to use medication for high cholesterol; it is based on medical necessity and effectiveness of prior interventions.

3. When doing an initial assessment, the best way for you to identify the client’s priority problem is to:

• A. Interview the client for chief complaints and other symptoms
• B. Talk to the relatives to gather data about history of illness
• C. Do auscultation to check for chest congestion
• D. Do a physical examination while asking the client relevant questions

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

4. Although a balanced diet is essential for tissue healing and repair, which of the following should the dental hygienist identify as the nutrient of highest priority for a patient with gingivitis or periodontal disease?

• A. Carbohydrates
• B. Vitamin C
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Monosaccharides

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Vitamin C is crucial for collagen production and connective tissue repair, making it a key nutrient for healing gingival tissues in patients with gingivitis or periodontal disease. Carbohydrates are a source of energy and not directly related to tissue repair. Vitamin D is important for bone health but is not the highest priority for gingival tissue healing. Monosaccharides are simple sugars and not as essential for tissue repair as Vitamin C.

5. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely to cause bleeding disorders?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin E
• C. Vitamin K
• D. Vitamin D

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting as it plays a crucial role in the activation of clotting factors. Deficiency of Vitamin K can lead to impaired blood clotting, resulting in bleeding disorders. Vitamin A is more associated with vision and skin health, not blood clotting. Vitamin E is known for its antioxidant properties and role in immune function, not specifically related to bleeding disorders. Vitamin D plays a key role in calcium absorption and bone health, but it is not directly linked to blood clotting or bleeding disorders.

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