ATI RN
ATI Pathophysiology Exam 1
1. Which of the following are characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Redness
- B. Fatigue
- C. Swelling
- D. Warmth
Correct answer: A, C, D
Rationale: The correct answers are A, C, and D. Redness, swelling, and warmth are classic signs of acute inflammation. Redness occurs due to increased blood flow, swelling is caused by leakage of fluid into tissues, and warmth is due to the vasodilation and increased blood flow in the affected area. Fatigue is not a cardinal sign of acute inflammation and is not directly associated with the inflammatory response.
2. A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for ibuprofen to treat rheumatoid arthritis. The nurse should teach the client to monitor for what adverse effect of this medication?
- A. Bleeding
- B. Insomnia
- C. Blurred vision
- D. Constipation
Correct answer: Blurred vision
Rationale:
3. A nurse manager is planning client assignments for the day. Which client should the nurse assign to the nursing assistant?
- A. A client who needs help ambulating.
- B. A client who requires complex wound care.
- C. A client who needs intravenous antibiotics.
- D. A client who is NPO and requires IV hydration.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because ambulating a client is a non-invasive task that can be safely and effectively performed by a nursing assistant. Choice B is incorrect as complex wound care requires specialized skills usually performed by licensed nurses. Choice C involves administering intravenous antibiotics, which also requires a higher level of training and assessment skills than a nursing assistant possesses. Choice D, involving a client who is NPO and requires IV hydration, may involve further assessments and monitoring that are beyond the scope of a nursing assistant.
4. A 50-year-old man diagnosed with leukemia will begin chemotherapy. What would the nurse do to combat the most common adverse effects of chemotherapy?
- A. Administer an antiemetic.
- B. Administer an antimetabolite.
- C. Administer a tumor antibiotic.
- D. Administer an anticoagulant.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer an antiemetic. Chemotherapy commonly causes nausea and vomiting as adverse effects. Antiemetics are medications specifically used to prevent or treat these symptoms. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because administering an antimetabolite, a tumor antibiotic, or an anticoagulant would not directly address the most common adverse effects of chemotherapy, which are nausea and vomiting.
5. Jalynn is in the last half of the first month of her pregnancy. Which of the following is developing the fastest?
- A. circulatory system
- B. endocrine system
- C. nervous system
- D. skin
Correct answer: C
Rationale: During the last half of the first month of pregnancy, the nervous system develops the fastest among the options provided. This rapid development of the nervous system is crucial for the overall growth and functioning of the fetus. The nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, which are essential for various bodily functions and will continue to develop throughout the pregnancy. The circulatory system, although important, does not develop at the fastest rate during this stage. The endocrine system and skin also play significant roles in the development of the fetus but are not the systems that develop the fastest in the last half of the first month of pregnancy.
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