ATI RN
ATI Pathophysiology Final Exam
1. A patient is prescribed zanamivir (Relenza) to treat influenza B. The patient has a history of asthma. For which of the following symptoms should the nurse assess?
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Pneumonia
- C. Bronchospasm
- D. Pulmonary embolism
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Bronchospasm. Zanamivir (Relenza) is an inhaled medication used to treat influenza by reducing the severity and duration of symptoms. Patients with a history of asthma are at risk of bronchospasm as a potential side effect of zanamivir. Assessing for bronchospasm is crucial in this case to ensure the patient's safety and well-being. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Bradycardia, pneumonia, and pulmonary embolism are not commonly associated with zanamivir use in the treatment of influenza B, especially in a patient with a history of asthma.
2. What is the most appropriate action for a child with epistaxis?
- A. Have the child lie flat
- B. Pinch the nose and lean forward
- C. Apply a warm compress to the nose
- D. Encourage deep breathing
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The most appropriate action for a child with epistaxis is to pinch the nose and lean forward. This technique helps stop the bleeding and prevent aspiration of blood. By applying pressure to the bleeding vessels and allowing the blood to drain out of the nostrils instead of being swallowed, the risk of nausea and airway obstruction is reduced. Having the child lie flat (Choice A) may lead to blood flowing down the throat, causing potential choking. Applying a warm compress (Choice C) is not typically recommended for epistaxis as cold compresses are more effective. Encouraging deep breathing (Choice D) is not directly related to managing epistaxis.
3. A multivitamin supplement containing folic acid is recommended for all young women because of the number of unintentional pregnancies in women 15 to 24 years old.
- A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related
- B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related
- C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct
- D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. A multivitamin with folic acid is recommended for young women due to the high incidence of unplanned pregnancies in this age group.
4. What is the priority action for a patient experiencing chest pain from acute coronary syndrome?
- A. Administer sublingual nitroglycerin
- B. Obtain IV access
- C. Check the patient's cardiac enzymes
- D. Administer aspirin
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to administer sublingual nitroglycerin. Nitroglycerin helps relieve chest pain by dilating blood vessels and improving blood flow to the heart, which is crucial in managing acute coronary syndrome. While obtaining IV access and checking cardiac enzymes are important steps in the assessment and management of acute coronary syndrome, administering nitroglycerin takes precedence to alleviate symptoms and reduce cardiac tissue damage. Administering aspirin is also essential in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome, but it is not the immediate priority in this scenario.
5. A client with cancer and a prescription for methotrexate PO reports bleeding gums while being assessed by a nurse in a provider's clinic. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Explain to the client that this is an expected adverse effect.
- B. Check the value of the client's current platelet count.
- C. Instruct the client to use an electric toothbrush.
- D. Have the client make an appointment to see the dentist.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take when a client on methotrexate reports bleeding gums is to check the client's current platelet count. Bleeding gums may indicate thrombocytopenia, a decreased platelet count which can be a severe side effect of methotrexate therapy. Monitoring the platelet count is crucial for early detection and management of this potentially life-threatening complication. Choice A is incorrect as bleeding gums in this context may not be an expected adverse effect of methotrexate. Choice C is irrelevant and does not address the potential underlying issue of thrombocytopenia. Choice D is not the primary action needed at this point; checking the platelet count is more urgent to assess the severity of the situation.
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