ATI RN
ATI Pathophysiology Exam 2
1. A nurse is caring for a client with lung cancer who is experiencing dyspnea. Which intervention is most appropriate?
- A. Administer a cough suppressant to reduce discomfort.
- B. Encourage the client to lie flat to ease breathing.
- C. Provide supplemental oxygen therapy.
- D. Encourage deep breathing and coughing exercises.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The most appropriate intervention for a client with lung cancer experiencing dyspnea is to provide supplemental oxygen therapy. This intervention helps improve oxygenation and alleviate breathing difficulties. Administering a cough suppressant (Choice A) may not address the underlying cause of dyspnea and can potentially depress the respiratory drive. Encouraging the client to lie flat (Choice B) can worsen dyspnea by reducing lung expansion. Encouraging deep breathing and coughing exercises (Choice D) may be beneficial in some situations, but when a client is experiencing dyspnea due to lung cancer, supplemental oxygen therapy is the priority to improve oxygen levels and alleviate breathing difficulty.
2. The client with systemic sclerosis (Scleroderma) is experiencing Raynaud’s phenomenon. What assessment finding does the nurse anticipate?
- A. Excessive heartburn
- B. Cyanosis of the lips
- C. Excess wrinkled skin
- D. Cold and purple nailbeds
Correct answer: Cold and purple nailbeds
Rationale:
3. A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for captopril. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Take this medication with food.
- B. Take this medication 1 hour before meals.
- C. Avoid potassium supplements while taking this medication.
- D. You may experience a persistent, dry cough while taking this medication.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Captopril is known to cause a persistent, dry cough as a common side effect. Instructing the client about this potential side effect is crucial for their awareness. Choices A and B are incorrect because captopril is usually taken on an empty stomach. Choice C is incorrect because captopril can lead to hyperkalemia, so potassium supplements may be necessary in some cases.
4. What adverse effect might occur in a patient receiving radiation after a mastectomy?
- A. Seizures
- B. JVD and fatigue
- C. SOB and JVD
- D. S3 heart sound
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct adverse effect that might occur in a patient receiving radiation after a mastectomy is the development of an S3 heart sound. This can result from decreased pumping ability following mastectomy and radiation treatment. Choice A, seizures, is incorrect as seizures are not a common adverse effect of radiation after a mastectomy. Choice B, JVD and fatigue, is incorrect as while fatigue can be a common side effect, JVD (Jugular Venous Distention) is not typically associated with radiation after a mastectomy. Choice C, SOB (Shortness of Breath) and JVD, is incorrect as while shortness of breath can occur, JVD is not a typical adverse effect of radiation post-mastectomy.
5. A patient is considering options to manage his/her coronary artery disease. The nurse explains a coronary artery bypass graft procedure will:
- A. Cure the patient's coronary artery disease.
- B. Replace the leaking valve in the heart.
- C. Connect grafts to aorta to improve blood flow.
- D. Place a permanent pacemaker on the heart muscle.
Correct answer: C: Connect grafts to aorta to improve blood flow.
Rationale: The correct answer is C. A coronary artery bypass graft procedure involves connecting grafts to the aorta to improve blood flow to the heart muscle by bypassing blocked or narrowed coronary arteries. This procedure does not cure coronary artery disease but helps improve blood supply to the heart. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because a bypass graft procedure does not cure the underlying disease, replace heart valves, or involve the placement of a pacemaker.
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