ATI RN
Psychology 101 Final Exam
1. The ______________ perspective in psychology takes into account biological, sociological, and psychological factors associated with a person's behaviors.
- A. Behavioral
- B. Cognitive-behavioral
- C. Psychodynamic
- D. Biopsychosocial
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The biopsychosocial perspective is the correct answer as it considers biological, sociological, and psychological factors associated with a person's behaviors. This perspective emphasizes the interconnection between these factors in understanding human behavior. Choice A, Behavioral perspective, focuses primarily on observable behaviors and how they are influenced by the environment. Choice B, Cognitive-behavioral perspective, combines elements of cognitive and behavioral theories to understand behavior but does not encompass sociological factors. Choice C, Psychodynamic perspective, emphasizes unconscious processes and early childhood experiences as determinants of behavior, neglecting the sociological aspect.
2. What is the appropriate diet for a patient with chronic kidney disease?
- A. Low protein diet
- B. High protein diet
- C. Low sodium diet
- D. Low potassium diet
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A low protein diet is the appropriate choice for a patient with chronic kidney disease because it helps to reduce the buildup of waste products in the body, which the kidneys may struggle to filter out. High protein diets can put extra strain on the kidneys by increasing the workload to eliminate the byproducts of protein metabolism. While low sodium and low potassium diets can also be important for managing certain aspects of kidney disease, the primary focus should be on controlling protein intake to lessen the burden on the kidneys.
3. How should a healthcare professional assess for fluid overload in a patient with heart failure?
- A. Monitor daily weight
- B. Check for edema
- C. Monitor blood pressure
- D. Check oxygen saturation
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Monitoring daily weight is the most accurate way to assess fluid overload in patients with heart failure. In heart failure, the body retains excess fluid, leading to weight gain. Monitoring daily weight allows healthcare professionals to track fluid retention accurately. Checking for edema (Choice B) is a valuable assessment technique, but it may not be as sensitive as monitoring daily weight. Monitoring blood pressure (Choice C) is essential in managing heart failure, but it is not the most accurate way to assess fluid overload. Checking oxygen saturation (Choice D) is important to assess respiratory status but is not directly related to fluid overload in heart failure.
4. What is the best way to monitor fluid balance in a patient receiving diuretics?
- A. Monitor daily weight
- B. Monitor intake and output
- C. Monitor blood pressure
- D. Check for edema
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Daily weight monitoring is the most accurate way to assess fluid balance in patients receiving diuretics. Monitoring daily weight allows healthcare providers to track changes in fluid status more precisely. While monitoring intake and output (choice B) is essential, it may not provide a comprehensive picture of overall fluid balance. Monitoring blood pressure (choice C) is important but may not directly reflect fluid balance. Checking for edema (choice D) is useful but may not be as sensitive as daily weight monitoring in assessing fluid balance.
5. A nurse working in an orthopedic unit is caring for 4 clients. Which of the following clients should the nurse identify as being at highest risk for skin breakdown?
- A. An adolescent who has a patella fracture and is in an immobilizer
- B. A young adult who has a femur fracture and is going to surgery in two hours
- C. A middle-aged adult who has fractured his radius and has a cast
- D. An older adult who has a hip fracture and is immobile
Correct answer: An older adult who has a hip fracture and is immobile
Rationale:
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