Nursing Elites

1. During prenatal development, the ectoderm folds over to form the __________, or primitive spinal cord.

• A. mesoderm; neuron tract
• B. neural tube
• C. endoderm; neural tube
• D. neuron tract

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. During prenatal development, the ectoderm folds over to form the neural tube, which eventually develops into the brain and spinal cord. The neural tube is the precursor to the central nervous system, including the primitive spinal cord. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the mesoderm does not form the neural tube, the endoderm is not involved in the formation of the central nervous system, and neuron tract is not the structure that forms the primitive spinal cord.

2. Who is generally regarded as the founder of the child study movement?

• A. Charles Darwin
• B. G. Stanley Hall
• C. Alfred Binet
• D. Sigmund Freud

Correct answer: B

Rationale: G. Stanley Hall is generally regarded as the founder of the child study movement. He established the first American research laboratory dedicated to child psychology and education, helping to pioneer the scientific study of child development. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they were not primarily associated with founding the child study movement. Charles Darwin is known for his contributions to the theory of evolution, Alfred Binet is famous for developing the first intelligence test, and Sigmund Freud is renowned for his work in psychoanalysis.

3. Jalynn is in the last half of the first month of her pregnancy. Which of the following is developing the fastest?

• A. circulatory system
• B. endocrine system
• C. nervous system
• D. skin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: During the last half of the first month of pregnancy, the nervous system develops the fastest among the options provided. This rapid development of the nervous system is crucial for the overall growth and functioning of the fetus. The nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, which are essential for various bodily functions and will continue to develop throughout the pregnancy. The circulatory system, although important, does not develop at the fastest rate during this stage. The endocrine system and skin also play significant roles in the development of the fetus but are not the systems that develop the fastest in the last half of the first month of pregnancy.

4. What did John Bowlby believe?

• A. Adults and more expert peers help children master culturally meaningful activities.
• B. The infant-caregiver bond has lifelong consequences for human relationships.
• C. Parents and infants are both instinctively attached to each other.
• D. Attachment patterns are difficult to study in humans.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: John Bowlby believed that the infant-caregiver bond has lifelong consequences for human relationships. This is supported by his theory of attachment, where he emphasized the importance of early attachment experiences in shaping individuals' future relationships. Choice A is incorrect as it does not reflect Bowlby's main focus on attachment theory. Choice C is incorrect as Bowlby's theory suggests that attachment is more than just instinctual. Choice D is also incorrect as Bowlby's work actually paved the way for the study of attachment patterns in humans.

5. Developmental social neuroscience __________. Copyright © 2018 Laura E. Berk. All Rights Reserved. 17 Test Bank for Berk, Development Through the Lifespan, 7e

• A. involves the design of flowcharts to map the precise steps individuals use to complete tasks
• B. emphasizes that preschoolers’ thinking is full of faulty logic because they engage in hands-on exploration
• C. is devoted to studying the relationship between changes in the brain and emotional and social development
• D. involves the study of brain activity and the individual’s linear and logical cognitive processing patterns Answer: C Page Ref: 20 Skill Level: Understand Topic: Recent Theoretical Perspectives Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Developmental social neuroscience is dedicated to examining the connection between changes in the brain and emotional and social development. This field of study focuses on how the brain's development influences an individual's social and emotional behavior. By studying brain activity alongside emotional and social development, researchers can gain insights into how these aspects are interrelated and how they impact one another.

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