Nursing Elites

1. Dr. Anodyne found a correlation of +.49 between illegal drug use and levels of adolescent delinquency. This correlation is __________ and __________.

• A. moderate; positive
• B. low; positive
• C. high; negative
• D. low; negative Answer: A Page Ref: 33 Skill Level: Apply and limitations of each. Topic: Studying Development Difficulty Level: Easy

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correlation of +.49 indicates a moderate strength of relationship between illegal drug use and levels of adolescent delinquency. The positive correlation indicates that as one variable (illegal drug use) increases, the other variable (adolescent delinquency) also tends to increase.

2. Many theorists believe that behaviorism and social learning theory ________.

• A. overemphasize the plasticity of cognitive development
• B. overestimate people's contributions to their own development
• C. offer too narrow a view of important environmental influences
• D. overemphasize each individual's unique life history

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Many theorists believe that behaviorism and social learning theory offer too narrow a view of important environmental influences. This is because they focus mainly on observable behaviors and external factors, neglecting the role of internal cognitive processes and individual differences in shaping development. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because behaviorism and social learning theory do not specifically emphasize the plasticity of cognitive development, overestimate people's contributions to their own development, or overemphasize each individual's unique life history. Instead, they are criticized for providing a limited perspective by focusing predominantly on external stimuli and behaviors.

3. Which statement about the harm done by teratogens is true?

• A. Passive smoking can be harmful to the developing fetus.
• B. The genetic makeup of the mother and the developing organism plays an important role.
• C. The negative impact of teratogens is usually reversible.
• D. The most serious defects occur in the germinal period.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The statement that the genetic makeup of the mother and the developing organism plays an important role in the harm done by teratogens is true. Genetic factors can influence susceptibility to teratogens, and the interaction between genetic and environmental factors plays a significant role in determining the impact on the developing fetus. This highlights the importance of considering both genetic and environmental influences when assessing risks to prenatal development. Choice A is incorrect as passive smoking can indeed be harmful to the developing fetus. Choice C is incorrect as the negative impact of teratogens is often not reversible. Choice D is incorrect as serious defects can occur throughout prenatal development, not just in the germinal period.

4. By the twelfth week of pregnancy, __________.

• A. the sex of the fetus can be detected with ultrasound
• B. the mother can feel the movements of the fetus
• C. the fetus is viable and can survive if born early
• D. synchrony between fetal heart rate and motor activity peaks Answer: A Page Ref: 79 Skill Level: Understand Copyright © 2018 Laura E. Berk. All Rights Reserved. 6 Test Bank for Berk, Development Through the Lifespan, 7e Topic: Prenatal Development Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: By the twelfth week of pregnancy, the sex of the fetus can be detected with ultrasound. Ultrasound technology allows for visualization of the developing fetus and identification of physical characteristics, such as sex, during prenatal appointments.

5. Erikson believed that successful resolution of intimacy versus isolation prepares the individual for the middle adulthood stage, which focuses on __________.

• A. initiative
• B. autonomy
• C. generativity
• D. industry

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Erikson's theory of psychosocial development highlights generativity as the central focus of middle adulthood. Generativity involves being productive, caring for others, and contributing to society. This stage is characterized by a desire to leave a lasting impact on future generations. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Initiative is associated with the preschool years, autonomy with early childhood, and industry with middle childhood according to Erikson's stages of development.

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