Nursing Elites

1. Tammy's father is an exceptional gymnast. When Tammy was just a toddler, her father believed that Tammy already showed great promise as a gymnast. Tammy's father probably believes that athletic ability is mostly determined by __________.

• A. nurture
• B. stages
• C. nature
• D. early experiences

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Tammy's father likely believes that athletic ability is mostly determined by nature because he believes she showed great promise at a young age, indicating a natural talent or genetic predisposition towards gymnastics. This suggests that he attributes Tammy's abilities to her inherent qualities rather than her upbringing or experiences (nurture). While stages and early experiences can play a role in skill development, in this context, the emphasis is on innate abilities, making 'nature' the most suitable choice.

2. What is a characteristic of structured interviews?

• A. Do not yield the same depth of information as a clinical interview
• B. Are flexible because questions are phrased differently for each participant
• C. Bring together a wide range of information on one person
• D. Tell researchers little about the reasoning behind participants' responses

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Structured interviews do not yield the same depth of information as a clinical interview because they involve a set of standardized questions that are asked in the same way to all participants. This lack of flexibility may limit the depth and richness of the responses obtained compared to a more open-ended clinical interview. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because structured interviews are not flexible in question phrasing, do not necessarily bring together a wide range of information on one person, and can provide insights into participants' reasoning behind responses depending on the design of the structured questions.

3. In the information-processing system, where does information first enter?

• A. central executive
• B. short-term memory store
• C. sensory register
• D. long-term memory store

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In the information-processing system, information first enters the sensory register. This is where sensory information from the environment is briefly stored before being processed further. The central executive is responsible for coordinating cognitive processes, the short-term memory store holds information temporarily for immediate tasks, and the long-term memory store stores information for long periods, but the sensory register is the initial entry point for incoming information.

4. Striving for continuity is essential for attaining Erikson's sense of __________, which depends on preserving a sense of personal history.

• A. intimacy
• B. ego identity
• C. ego integrity
• D. initiative

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'ego integrity.' Erikson's concept of ego integrity involves reflecting on life with a sense of satisfaction, which requires continuity in personal history. This sense of integrity is developed in late adulthood and is characterized by a feeling of wholeness and fulfillment. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Intimacy (choice A) relates to forming close relationships, ego identity (choice B) pertains to a stable sense of self, and initiative (choice D) is about being proactive and exploring the environment, which are not directly associated with preserving personal history for a sense of satisfaction in later life.

5. Jalynn is in the last half of the first month of her pregnancy. Which of the following is developing the fastest?

• A. circulatory system
• B. endocrine system
• C. nervous system
• D. skin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: During the last half of the first month of pregnancy, the nervous system develops the fastest among the options provided. This rapid development of the nervous system is crucial for the overall growth and functioning of the fetus. The nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, which are essential for various bodily functions and will continue to develop throughout the pregnancy. The circulatory system, although important, does not develop at the fastest rate during this stage. The endocrine system and skin also play significant roles in the development of the fetus but are not the systems that develop the fastest in the last half of the first month of pregnancy.

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