Nursing Elites

1. Central to Piaget's theory is the concept of __________.

• A. imitation
• B. adaptation
• C. self-efficacy
• D. scaffolding

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Central to Piaget's theory is the concept of adaptation, which refers to the process by which individuals adjust to new information and experiences by modifying their existing cognitive structures. Piaget believed that this process of adaptation involved two key components: assimilation, where individuals incorporate new information into their existing schemas, and accommodation, where individuals adjust their schemas to fit new information. This concept highlights the dynamic nature of cognitive development and the importance of interaction between individuals and their environment in shaping intellectual growth. Choice A, 'imitation,' is incorrect as Piaget's theory focuses on how individuals actively construct their understanding of the world through their interactions with it, rather than simply imitating others. Choice C, 'self-efficacy,' is not the central concept in Piaget's theory; self-efficacy is a concept from Bandura's social cognitive theory. Choice D, 'scaffolding,' is associated with Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, not Piaget's theory.

2. Where does the male produce sperm, and where are these glands located?

• A. penis; scrotum
• B. scrotum; penis
• C. testes; penis
• D. testes; scrotum

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The male produces sperm in the testes, which are two glands located in the scrotum. The scrotum is the external sac that houses and protects the testes, allowing for optimal temperature regulation to support sperm production. Choice A is incorrect because sperm production does not occur in the penis. Choice B is incorrect because the scrotum houses the testes, not the penis. Choice C is incorrect because sperm is produced in the testes, not the penis.

3. Dr. Kostel believes that development takes place in stages. This belief is consistent with the __________ perspective.

• A. nurture
• B. continuous
• C. discontinuous
• D. nature

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Dr. Kostel's belief in stage-based development aligns with the discontinuous perspective, which sees development as a series of distinct stages. The continuous perspective (choice B) suggests development as a smooth and gradual process without distinct stages. The nature perspective (choice D) focuses on genetic and hereditary influences on development. The nurture perspective (choice A) emphasizes the impact of environment and upbringing on development, which is not directly related to the belief in stage-based development.

4. In the information-processing system, where does information first enter?

• A. central executive
• B. short-term memory store
• C. sensory register
• D. long-term memory store

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In the information-processing system, information first enters the sensory register. This is where sensory information from the environment is briefly stored before being processed further. The central executive is responsible for coordinating cognitive processes, the short-term memory store holds information temporarily for immediate tasks, and the long-term memory store stores information for long periods, but the sensory register is the initial entry point for incoming information.

5. During the third stage of labor, __________.

• A. the cervix thins to nothing
• B. uterine contractions begin
• C. the placenta is delivered
• D. the baby is born

Correct answer: C

Rationale: During the third stage of labor, the correct answer is C, the placenta is delivered. This stage occurs after the baby is born and involves the expulsion of the placenta from the uterus. Choice A is incorrect because the thinning of the cervix to nothing typically occurs during the first stage of labor. Choice B is incorrect as uterine contractions usually begin during the first stage of labor to help with the dilation of the cervix. Choice D is incorrect because the baby is typically born in the second stage of labor, not the third.

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