ATI RN
ATI Nutrition
1. A nurse is completing an admission assessment on an adolescent client who is a vegetarian. He eats milk products but does not like beans. Which of the following items should the nurse suggest the client order for lunch to provide the nutrients most likely to be lacking in his diet?
- A. Peanut butter and jelly sandwich
- B. Baked potato topped with sour cream
- C. Bagel with cream cheese
- D. Fruit salad
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Fruit salad.' Since the adolescent client is a vegetarian who eats milk products but does not like beans, suggesting a fruit salad for lunch would provide essential nutrients like vitamins, minerals, and fiber that are commonly found in fruits. Fruit salad can help supplement the nutrients that may be lacking in his diet. Choices A, B, and C do not offer the same variety and quantity of nutrients as a fruit salad, making them less optimal choices for meeting the client's dietary needs.
2. A nurse is instructing a group of clients about nutrition. The nurse should include that which of the following foods is a good source of high-quality protein?
- A. Soybeans
- B. Grains
- C. Legumes
- D. Green vegetables
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Soybeans are a good source of high-quality protein. They contain all the essential amino acids needed by the body. Grains, legumes, and green vegetables do not provide as much high-quality protein as soybeans. Grains and legumes are good sources of protein but may lack some essential amino acids, while green vegetables generally have lower protein content compared to soybeans.
3. Where in the body are microvilli located, facilitating the absorption of most nutrients?
- A. Stomach
- B. Pancreas
- C. Large Intestine
- D. Small Intestine
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Small Intestine. Microvilli are present in the small intestine, significantly increasing its surface area for efficient absorption of nutrients. The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the body. The stomach (choice A) primarily functions to break down food with its acidic environment but is not where most nutrients are absorbed. The pancreas (choice B) produces enzymes to aid in digestion but does not directly absorb nutrients. The large intestine (choice C) mainly absorbs water and electrolytes from undigested food, rather than nutrients.
4. Patients with congestive heart failure need to restrict their intake of:
- A. fiber
- B. sodium
- C. cholesterol
- D. saturated fat
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Patients with congestive heart failure need to restrict their intake of sodium. This restriction is crucial to prevent fluid retention, which can exacerbate the condition. While fiber is generally beneficial for heart health, sodium restriction is more critical in this scenario. Cholesterol and saturated fat intake should also be monitored, but sodium restriction takes precedence due to its direct impact on fluid balance.
5. When observing a return demonstration of a colostomy irrigation, you know that more teaching is required if pt:
- A. Lubricates the tip of the catheter prior to inserting into the stoma
- B. Hangs the irrigating bag on the bathroom door cloth hook during fluid insertion
- C. Discontinues the insertion of fluid after only 500 ml of fluid has been instilled
- D. Clamps of the flow of fluid when felling uncomfortable
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.
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