ATI RN
ATI Nutrition Practice A
1. For patients with hypertension, which dietary change is most recommended?
- A. Increase salt intake
- B. Reduce fiber intake
- C. Increase potassium intake
- D. Reduce sugar intake
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Increasing potassium intake can help reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients.
2. A nurse in the medical-surgical unit is giving a patient with low blood pressure a hypertonic solution, which will increase the number of dissolved particles in his blood, creating pressure for fluids in the tissues to shift into the capillaries and increase the blood volume. Which of the following terms is associated with this process?
- A. Hydrostatic pressure
- B. Osmosis and osmolality
- C. Diffusion
- D. Active transport
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Osmosis is the movement of fluid from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane. The number of dissolved particles contained in a unit of fluid determines the osmolality of a solution, which influences the movement of fluid between the fluid compartments. Giving a patient who has low blood pressure a hypertonic solution will increase the number of dissolved particles in the blood, creating pressure for fluids in the tissues to shift into the capillaries and increase the blood volume. Option A is incorrect; hydrostatic pressure refers to changes in water or volume related to water pressure. Option C is incorrect; diffusion is the movement of solutes from an area of greater concentration to lesser concentration. The solutes in an intact vascular system are unable to move, so diffusion should not normally take place. Option D is incorrect; active transport is the movement of molecules against the concentration gradient and requires ATP as an energy source. This process typically takes place at the cellular level and is not involved in vascular volume changes.
3. A nurse is caring for a client who has a pulmonary embolism. The nurse should identify the effectiveness of the treatment by observing which of the following?
- A. A chest x-ray reveals increased density in all fields
- B. The client reports feeling less anxious
- C. Diminished breath sounds are auscultated bilaterally
- D. ABG results include pH 7.48, PaO2 77 mm Hg, and PaCO2 47 mm Hg
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because when a client reports feeling less anxious, it suggests that the treatment for a pulmonary embolism is effective. This is a good indicator of the client's overall well-being and response to treatment. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because a chest x-ray revealing increased density in all fields, diminished breath sounds auscultated bilaterally, and ABG results showing specific values do not directly correlate with the effectiveness of treatment for a pulmonary embolism. While these assessments are important for monitoring the client's condition, the client's subjective report of feeling less anxious provides a more direct insight into the impact of the treatment.
4. A client with schizophrenia is experiencing auditory hallucinations. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate to address this symptom?
- A. Encourage the client to discuss the voices.
- B. Instruct the client to listen to music to drown out the voices.
- C. Tell the client that the voices are not real.
- D. Distract the client from the voices.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Encouraging the client to discuss the voices is the most appropriate nursing intervention when a client with schizophrenia is experiencing auditory hallucinations. By discussing the voices, the client can feel heard, understood, and supported. It allows the client to express their experiences, which can help in processing and coping with the hallucinations. This intervention promotes therapeutic communication and builds a trusting nurse-client relationship, which is essential in providing effective care for individuals with schizophrenia. Choice B is incorrect because instructing the client to listen to music to drown out the voices does not address the underlying issue and may not be effective in managing auditory hallucinations. Choice C is incorrect because telling the client that the voices are not real can invalidate the client's experiences and feelings, leading to further distress. Choice D is incorrect as solely distracting the client from the voices does not help in addressing the hallucinations or supporting the client in dealing with their symptoms.
5. A nurse manager assigns a task outside the scope of a nursing assistant. How should the assistant respond?
- A. Refuse the task and report it to the charge nurse.
- B. Perform the task without reporting.
- C. Ask another nurse to perform the task.
- D. Accept the task but document it later.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: When a task is assigned that is outside the scope of a nursing assistant, it is essential for the assistant to refuse the task and report it to the charge nurse. This ensures that tasks are appropriately delegated, maintaining patient safety and adherence to professional standards. Performing the task without reporting can lead to potential risks for the patient and legal implications. Asking another nurse to perform the task may not address the issue of improper delegation. Accepting the task but documenting it later does not resolve the immediate concern of working within the assistant's scope of practice and seeking appropriate delegation.