ATI RN
Nutrition ATI Proctored Exam
1. Can bacterial plaque metabolize sucrose, lactose, and fructose? Is fructose, also known as levulose and found naturally in honey, less cariogenic than sucrose and lactose?
- A. Yes, bacterial plaque can metabolize these sugars, but no, fructose is not less cariogenic.
- B. No, bacterial plaque cannot metabolize these sugars, and fructose is not less cariogenic.
- C. Yes, bacterial plaque can metabolize these sugars, but no, fructose is not less cariogenic.
- D. No, bacterial plaque cannot metabolize these sugars, but yes, fructose is less cariogenic.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The first statement is correct as bacterial plaque can indeed metabolize sucrose, lactose, and fructose. However, the second statement is inaccurate. Fructose, despite being found naturally in honey and known also as levulose, is not less cariogenic than either sucrose or lactose. This means that its consumption does not result in fewer cavities or tooth decay. Therefore, the correct answer is that bacterial plaque can metabolize these sugars, but fructose is not less cariogenic. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they either wrongly assert that bacterial plaque cannot metabolize these sugars or wrongly claim that fructose is less cariogenic.
2. Which statement does not describe a potential role of minerals in the body?
- A. they provide calories and energy to the body
- B. they help maintain fluid balance in the body
- C. they give teeth and bone their strength
- D. they help muscles contract
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Minerals do not provide calories or energy; instead, they play various roles such as building strong bones and teeth, maintaining fluid balance, and supporting muscle contractions.
3. Which breakfast item should be recommended for a vegan adolescent to combine protein?
- A. Bagel with cream cheese
- B. Wheat toast with jelly
- C. Oatmeal pancakes with peanut butter
- D. Eggs with tofu bacon
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Oatmeal pancakes with peanut butter provide a protein combination suitable for a vegan diet.
4. During nutritional counseling, what is the most important step to take?
- A. Consult the patient's family
- B. Formulate a sample diet plan before presenting it to the patient
- C. Include members of the dental team in the dietary formulation
- D. Include the patient in the formulation of the dietary plan
Correct answer: D
Rationale: During nutritional counseling, the most important step is to include the patient in the formulation of the dietary plan. This ensures their active involvement, understanding, and commitment to the plan, leading to better compliance and success in achieving nutritional goals. Consulting the patient's family (Choice A) may be helpful but should not replace involving the patient directly. Formulating a sample diet plan before presenting it to the patient (Choice B) may not align with the patient's preferences or needs. Including members of the dental team in the dietary formulation (Choice C) may not be necessary unless specific dental concerns need to be addressed.
5. A nurse is teaching a group of clients about stress. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Protein requirements decrease in times of stress.
- B. Acute stress causes an increase in metabolism.
- C. Stress causes a positive nitrogen balance in the body.
- D. Glucose is broken down more slowly during times of stress.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Acute stress causes an increase in metabolism. During acute stress, the body's fight-or-flight response is activated, leading to an increase in metabolism to provide energy for the body to respond to the stressor. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Protein requirements actually increase during times of stress to support the body's needs. Stress typically leads to a negative nitrogen balance in the body, not a positive one. Glucose is broken down more rapidly, not slowly, during times of stress to provide immediate energy.