Nursing Elites

1. A healthcare provider is teaching a client who has constipation about a high-fiber diet. Which of the following foods should be included as sources of fiber? (Select one that does not apply.)

• A. Whole wheat bread
• B. Kidney beans
• C. Refined cereals
• D. Blackberries

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Refined cereals are not a good source of fiber as they have been processed and stripped off most of their fiber content. Whole wheat bread, kidney beans, and blackberries are excellent sources of fiber. Whole wheat bread is made from whole grains, which are high in fiber. Kidney beans are rich in fiber and can help alleviate constipation. Blackberries are a good source of fiber and can aid in promoting bowel regularity.

2. What is the term for a state of disequilibrium wherein a person cannot readily solve a problem or situation using their usual coping mechanisms?

• A. Crisis
• B. Mental health
• C. Mental illness
• D. Stress

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In psychological terms, a 'Crisis' refers to a state of disequilibrium wherein a person cannot readily solve a problem or situation even by using his usual coping mechanisms. This is different from 'Mental Illness' (Choice C) which is a more general term for a wide range of mental health conditions that affect mood, thinking and behavior. 'Mental Health' (Choice B) is a state of well-being in which an individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and is able to make a contribution to his or her community. Finally, 'Stress' (Choice D) is a state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or demanding circumstances, but it does not necessarily disrupt equilibrium to the extent that usual coping mechanisms are ineffective, unlike 'Crisis'.

3. A nurse is caring for a client who is well-hydrated and who demonstrates no evidence of anemia. Which of the following laboratory values gives the nurse an assessment of the adequacy of the client's protein uptake and synthesis?

• A. Albumin
• B. Calcium
• C. Sodium
• D. Potassium

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Albumin. Albumin is a protein made by the liver and is a key indicator of the body's protein status. Low levels of albumin can indicate inadequate protein intake or synthesis. Choices B, C, and D (Calcium, Sodium, and Potassium) are not direct indicators of protein uptake and synthesis. Calcium is related to bone health, Sodium to fluid balance, and Potassium to nerve and muscle function.

4. A nurse is teaching a client about preparing low-fat meals. The nurse should include that which of the following oils contains saturated fat?

• A. Corn
• B. Olive
• C. Canola
• D. Coconut

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Coconut oil contains a high amount of saturated fat, which can increase LDL cholesterol levels and the risk of heart disease. Olive, corn, and canola oils are primarily unsaturated fats, which are considered heart-healthy fats. Olive oil, in particular, is rich in monounsaturated fats, while corn and canola oils are good sources of polyunsaturated fats. Therefore, the correct answer is Coconut because it contains saturated fat, unlike the other options.

5. A client with frequent kidney stones is receiving dietary teaching from a nurse. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

• A. Limit your intake of dairy products.
• B. Increase your consumption of protein-rich foods.
• C. Avoid eating tree nuts, such as almonds.
• D. Take a vitamin C supplement twice daily.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to instruct the client to limit their intake of dairy products. Dairy products are high in calcium and can contribute to kidney stone formation in susceptible individuals. Increasing protein intake may lead to higher excretion of calcium, which can exacerbate kidney stone formation. While tree nuts are high in oxalates, which can contribute to kidney stone formation, it is not the primary concern in this case. Vitamin C supplements can increase oxalate levels in the urine, potentially increasing the risk of kidney stone formation, so it should not be recommended.

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