Nursing Elites

1. Studies on the cultural differences in parental tolerance of under- or over-controlled behavior suggest that ________.

• A. These different styles can produce different rates of problem behaviors in different cultures.
• B. Parental styles make no difference in rates of different behavior problems; they seem to be primarily genetic.
• C. Parental styles make no difference in rates of different behavior problems; they seem to be independent of culture.
• D. All cultures feel the same about bringing their children for treatment, regardless of the type of behavior problem.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Studies on the cultural differences in parental tolerance of under- or over-controlled behavior suggest that these different styles can produce different rates of problem behaviors in different cultures. This is because cultural norms and expectations influence how parental tolerance and responses to behavior are shaped. Choice B is incorrect because parental styles do play a role in behavior problems, influenced by cultural factors. Choice C is incorrect as parental styles can vary across cultures and impact behavior problems differently. Choice D is incorrect because cultural attitudes towards seeking treatment for behavior problems can vary significantly.

2. Freud's psychosexual stage that occurs between the ages of 3 and 5 and includes the Oedipal period is the _________ stage.

• A. Oral
• B. Anal
• C. Phallic
• D. Genital

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Phallic. Freud's psychosexual stage that occurs between ages 3 and 5 and includes the Oedipal period is the phallic stage. This stage is characterized by the Oedipus complex for boys and the Electra complex for girls. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the oral stage typically occurs during the first year of life, the anal stage occurs around ages 2 to 3, and the genital stage is the final stage in Freud's theory of psychosexual development.

3. What role does culture play in the development of psychopathology?

• A. Culture has little impact on psychopathology.
• B. Culture is crucial in understanding the development of psychopathology.
• C. Culture has a moderate impact on the development of psychopathology.
• D. Culture determines the onset of psychopathology.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Culture is crucial in understanding the development of psychopathology. It influences beliefs, norms, values, and behaviors, which can significantly impact the manifestation and understanding of psychopathological conditions. Choice A is incorrect because culture does have a substantial impact on psychopathology. Choice C is not as strong as choice B in emphasizing the significance of culture. Choice D is incorrect as culture is one of many factors influencing the onset of psychopathology, not the sole determinant.

4. An elementary school principal wants to know the best predictors of juvenile delinquency and dropping out of school in high school so she can provide preventive interventions. Your best advice is ________.

• A. Look for kids who are very popular because they are class clowns.
• B. Silent, depressed, loners tend to be dropouts because they are often depressed.
• C. There is no way to predict juvenile delinquency as early as elementary school.
• D. The best predictor is aggression toward peers, which leads to peer rejection.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The best advice is to look for aggression toward peers as the best predictor of juvenile delinquency and dropping out of school. Option A is incorrect because being popular or a class clown doesn't necessarily indicate delinquency. Option B is incorrect as not all silent, depressed loners end up as dropouts. Option C is incorrect as research shows that early signs of aggression can predict future delinquent behavior and school dropout rates, making it feasible to intervene early.

5. Which parenting style is characterized by warmth, control, and communication?

• A. Authoritarian
• B. Permissive/indulgent
• C. Authoritative
• D. Neglectful/uninvolved

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The authoritative parenting style is characterized by a balance of warmth, control, and communication. This style promotes a nurturing environment where rules are established, but there is also room for open communication and understanding. Choice A, Authoritarian, is characterized by high control and low warmth, with strict rules and limited communication. Choice B, Permissive/indulgent, is characterized by high warmth and low control, with few rules and little discipline. Choice D, Neglectful/uninvolved, is characterized by low warmth, low control, and lack of communication or involvement in the child's life.

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