Nursing Elites

1. How does psychoanalytic theory attempt to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders?

• A. Studying observable behavior.
• B. Analyzing conscious experience into its basic elements.
• C. Focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior.
• D. Studying the function or purpose of consciousness.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Psychoanalytic theory focuses on the unconscious determinants of behavior to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders. This approach suggests that hidden forces in the unconscious mind influence our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, shaping our overall psychological makeup. Choice A is incorrect because psychoanalytic theory delves beyond observable behavior. Choice B is incorrect as psychoanalytic theory goes deeper than analyzing conscious experience alone. Choice D is incorrect as psychoanalytic theory is more concerned with unconscious processes rather than the function or purpose of consciousness.

2. Where is the site of chemical communication in the brain?

• A. Neuron
• B. Synapse
• C. Axon
• D. Dendrite

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Synapse. The synapse is the site where chemical communication occurs between neurons. Neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminal of one neuron, cross the synaptic cleft, and bind to receptors on the dendrites of the next neuron. Choice A, Neuron, is incorrect as it refers to the entire nerve cell. Choices C and D, Axon and Dendrite, are also incorrect as they are specific parts of a neuron and not the primary site of chemical communication.

3. In defining a mental disorder, deviance refers to?

• A. Amount of suffering the individual is experiencing due to the mental disorder
• B. Inability of an individual to fulfill a certain role (e.g., work or family obligation)
• C. The capacity of the individual to cause harm to the people around them
• D. The tendency of an individual to display behaviors that are culturally unexpected

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In defining a mental disorder, deviance refers to behavior that is culturally unexpected or violates social norms. This means that the individual displays behaviors that are not typical or acceptable within their specific culture or society. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not directly relate to the concept of deviance in the context of defining a mental disorder. The amount of suffering, inability to fulfill a role, or capacity to cause harm are important considerations in understanding mental disorders but are not specifically related to deviance.

4. Scientific research has demonstrated that the ________ parenting style is most likely to lead to healthy psychological development in children.

• A. authoritative
• B. authoritarian
• C. permissive
• D. neglectful/uninvolved

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, authoritative. Authoritative parenting combines warmth and nurturing with reasonable limits and consistent discipline. This style promotes independence, self-regulation, and social competence in children, leading to healthy psychological development. Choice B, authoritarian parenting, is characterized by strict rules and harsh punishment without much warmth, which can lead to anxiety and lower self-esteem in children. Choice C, permissive parenting, involves few demands and little control, resulting in children lacking self-discipline and social skills. Choice D, neglectful/uninvolved parenting, is characterized by a lack of responsiveness to a child's emotional needs and can lead to various negative outcomes such as poor self-esteem and emotional issues.

5. A major factor associated with a child's rejection by peers is ________.

• A. Overly aggressive behavior.
• B. Being too intelligent.
• C. Socioeconomic background.
• D. A lack of empathy.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Overly aggressive behavior is often a major factor in a child's rejection by peers. Children who display overly aggressive behavior may intimidate or harm their peers, leading to social rejection. Being too intelligent or having a different socioeconomic background are not typically primary reasons for peer rejection. While empathy is important for healthy social interactions, a lack of empathy, on its own, is less likely to be a primary factor in peer rejection compared to overly aggressive behavior.

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