children from lower ses families

ATI RN

Psychology 101 Exam 3 Test

1. Children from lower-SES families ________.

A. are more likely to be resilient adults than those from higher-SES families.
B. show no signs of ill effects if there is an increase in SES before age 5.
C. are not affected by SES status unless persistent employment is the reason for the economic hardships of the family.
D. are less likely to show ill effects of SES status if they possess a high IQ and develop healthy attachments to adults and peers.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Children from lower-SES families are less likely to show ill effects of SES status if they possess a high IQ and develop healthy attachments. Choice A is incorrect because children from lower-SES families typically face more challenges and are not inherently more resilient. Choice B is incorrect as an increase in SES may not erase the effects of early socioeconomic disadvantages. Choice C is incorrect as SES status can impact children from lower-SES families regardless of the reason for economic hardships.

2. Genes ________.

A. determine how a person will behave.
B. cause people to develop mental disorders.
C. determine what characteristics a person will have.
D. determine the range of characteristics a person has.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Genes determine the range of characteristics a person has. This is the correct answer because genes contribute to a variety of traits and characteristics a person may have, influencing physical attributes, predispositions to certain conditions, and more. Choice A is incorrect because behavior is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Choice B is incorrect because mental disorders are complex conditions influenced by various factors beyond just genes. Choice C is incorrect because genes do not solely determine all characteristics a person will have, as environmental factors also play a significant role.

3. Which of the following is an appropriate description of a child with conduct disorder?

A. They may argue repeatedly with adults, ignore adult rules and requests, deliberately annoy other people, and feel much anger and resentment
B. They have great difficulty attending to tasks, or behave overactively and impulsively, or both
C. Marked by extreme unresponsiveness to other people, severe communication deficits, and highly rigid and repetitive behaviors, interests, and activities
D. They are often aggressive, deliberately destroy other people's property, steal or lie, skip school, or run away from home

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Children with conduct disorder often exhibit behaviors such as arguing with adults, ignoring rules, deliberately annoying others, and displaying anger and resentment. Choice B describes symptoms more characteristic of ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder). Choice C describes symptoms commonly seen in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Choice D outlines behaviors associated with oppositional defiant disorder rather than conduct disorder.

4. In defining a mental disorder, deviance refers to?

A. Amount of suffering the individual is experiencing due to the mental disorder
B. Inability of an individual to fulfill a certain role (e.g., work or family obligation)
C. The capacity of the individual to cause harm to the people around them
D. The tendency of an individual to display behaviors that are culturally unexpected

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In defining a mental disorder, deviance refers to behavior that is culturally unexpected or violates social norms. This means that the individual displays behaviors that are not typical or acceptable within their specific culture or society. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not directly relate to the concept of deviance in the context of defining a mental disorder. The amount of suffering, inability to fulfill a role, or capacity to cause harm are important considerations in understanding mental disorders but are not specifically related to deviance.

5. While out for a walk, you come across a ferocious dog. You feel your heart beating faster and your palms begin to sweat. Which part of the peripheral nervous system is activated in this situation?

A. Autonomic
B. Sympathetic
C. Parasympathetic
D. Somatic

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sympathetic. When encountering a stressful situation like a ferocious dog, the sympathetic nervous system is activated, leading to the 'fight or flight' response. This response triggers physiological changes like increased heart rate, sweating, and heightened alertness to prepare the body to deal with the perceived threat. The autonomic nervous system (Choice A) encompasses both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, so it's a broader category. The parasympathetic nervous system (Choice C) is responsible for the body's 'rest and digest' functions, which are opposite to the physiological changes seen in a stress response. The somatic nervous system (Choice D) controls voluntary movements and sensory information, not the physiological responses seen in a stress reaction.