all of the following are electrolytes except

ATI RN

ATI Nutrition Practice A

1. All of the following are electrolytes except:

A. chloride
B. potassium
C. sodium
D. iron

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Iron is not an electrolyte; electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and chloride help maintain fluid balance and are critical for nerve and muscle function.

2. What chronic disease has been associated with increased risks of dental problems?

A. diabetes mellitus
B. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
C. Addison's disease
D. asthma

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of dental problems, including gum disease and tooth loss, due to high blood sugar levels. While chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Addison's disease, and asthma may have oral health implications, diabetes mellitus is specifically known for its strong association with dental issues.

3. Which factor has been shown to increase the risk of development of atherosclerosis?

A. Menopause
B. Age older than 35
C. Increased levels of arachidonic acid
D. Elevated HDL cholesterol

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Menopause. Menopause is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis due to hormonal changes that affect lipid profiles and vascular health. Conversely, B: Age older than 35 is not necessarily a risk factor for atherosclerosis on its own, though atherosclerosis risk does generally increase with age. C: Increased levels of arachidonic acid is not specifically linked to atherosclerosis; it's a fatty acid that can be both beneficial and harmful to health depending on its metabolic pathway. D: Elevated HDL cholesterol is actually beneficial rather than harmful because HDL cholesterol is known as 'good' cholesterol that helps to reduce the risk of heart disease and atherosclerosis.

4. While a team effort is necessary in the operating room (OR) for efficient and quality patient care delivery, the number of people in the room should be limited for infection control purposes. Which roles comprise this team?

A. Surgeon, anesthesiologist, scrub nurse, radiologist, orderly
B. Surgeon, assistants, scrub nurse, circulating nurse, anesthesiologist
C. Surgeon, assistant surgeon, anesthesiologist, scrub nurse, pathologist
D. Surgeon, assistant surgeon, anesthesiologist, intern, scrub nurse

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The roles typically present in an operating room team include the surgeon, assistants (which may include an assistant surgeon), scrub nurse, circulating nurse, and anesthesiologist. These roles are directly involved in the operation and patient care. Choice B is correct. Choice A includes a radiologist and an orderly, who are not typically part of the immediate surgical team in the OR. Choice C includes a pathologist, who usually works in a laboratory outside of the OR. Choice D includes an intern, who may or may not be part of the team, depending on the specific circumstances and hospital policy. These explanations make choices A, C, and D incorrect.

5. How would protein deficiency likely affect dental tissues?

A. Decreased resistance to dental caries
B. Increased tooth size
C. Delayed tooth development
D. Increased enamel mineralization

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Protein deficiency can lead to delayed tooth development as the body may not have enough resources to form teeth properly. This delay can make the teeth more susceptible to dental issues due to incomplete formation. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Decreased resistance to dental caries is more related to factors like poor oral hygiene and sugary diets, increased tooth size is not a common effect of protein deficiency on dental tissues, and increased enamel mineralization is not typically associated with protein deficiency.