ATI RN
ATI Nutrition Practice A
1. All of the following are electrolytes except:
- A. chloride
- B. potassium
- C. sodium
- D. iron
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Iron is not an electrolyte; electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and chloride help maintain fluid balance and are critical for nerve and muscle function.
2. A client has a new diagnosis of hypertension and is being taught about lifestyle changes by a nurse. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Increase your sodium intake to 3,000 mg per day.
- B. Exercise for 30 minutes at least 5 days a week.
- C. Sleep for at least 10 hours each night.
- D. Limit your fluid intake to 1 liter per day.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Exercise for 30 minutes at least 5 days a week." Regular exercise helps promote cardiovascular health and manage hypertension. Choice A is incorrect because increasing sodium intake is not recommended for hypertension. Choice C is incorrect because while sleep is important, excessive sleep duration is not typically part of hypertension management. Choice D is incorrect because fluid intake should be adequate unless advised otherwise by a healthcare provider.
3. In a routine sputum analysis, which of the following indicates proper nursing action before sputum collection?
- A. Secure a clean container
- B. Discard the container if the outside becomes soiled
- C. Rinse the client's mouth with water after collection
- D. Tell the client that 4 tablespoons of sputum are needed
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Before sputum collection, it is crucial to use a clean container to prevent specimen contamination. This step is essential to ensure accurate test results and to avoid introducing external particles or bacteria into the sample. Choice B is incorrect because discarding the container if the outside becomes soiled is not a standard practice before collection. Choice C is incorrect as rinsing the client's mouth with Listerine after collection can introduce unnecessary substances into the specimen. Choice D is incorrect as the amount of sputum needed should be determined by the healthcare provider, not the client.
4. A healthcare provider is reviewing a client's health record and notes that the client is experiencing episodes of hypokalemia. Which of the following medications should the healthcare provider identify as a cause of the client's hypokalemia?
- A. Captopril
- B. Lisinopril
- C. Furosemide
- D. Spironolactone
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that acts on the kidneys to increase urine production. This increased urine output can lead to the excessive excretion of potassium, resulting in hypokalemia. Monitoring potassium levels and considering supplementation may be necessary when a patient is on furosemide to prevent or manage hypokalemia.
5. What nursing interventions should you perform when a patient is on Albuterol? (Select all that apply)
- A. Assess lung sounds, pulse, and blood pressure before administering
- B. Monitor for changes in behavior
- C. Observe for paradoxical bronchospasms
- D. Both A and C
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct nursing interventions to perform when a patient is on Albuterol include assessing the patient's lung sounds, pulse, and blood pressure before administering the medication to monitor for cardiovascular side effects like increased heart rate. Additionally, it is crucial to observe for paradoxical bronchospasms, a rare but serious adverse reaction where the medication causes a worsening of bronchospasm instead of relief. Monitoring for changes in behavior is not directly related to Albuterol administration and is not a standard nursing intervention for patients receiving this medication, making choice B incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer is D as it includes the essential nursing actions for patients on Albuterol.